Current state of yusho and prospects for therapeutic strategies |
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Authors: | Mitoma Chikage Uchi Hiroshi Tsukimori Kiyomi Todaka Takashi Kajiwara Jumboku Shimose Takayuki Akahane Manabu Imamura Tomoaki Furue Masutaka |
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Affiliation: | 1.Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan ;2.Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan ;3.Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka Children’s Hospital, Fukuoka, 813-0017, Japan ;4.Kitakyushu Life Science Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, Fukuoka, 804-0003, Japan ;5.Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, 818-0135, Japan ;6.Clinical Research Support Center Kyushu, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan ;7.Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, 634-8521, Japan ; |
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Abstract: | The mass food poisoning incident yusho occurred in Japan in 1968. It was caused by the ingestion of rice bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and various dioxins and dioxin-like compounds including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Notably, PCDFs were found to contribute to approximately 65% of the total toxicity equivalent in the blood of yusho patients. Lipophilic dioxins are retained in the body for a longer period than previously estimated. Victims suffered from characteristic skin manifestations associated with non-specific systemic symptoms, neurological symptoms, and respiratory symptoms. The severe symptoms seen in the initial phase subsequently faded, but recently, improvements have scarcely been observed. The Yusho Group has been researching treatments for this condition. Several clinical trials with chelating agents or dietary fibers aimed at accelerating the excretion of compounds. While some treatments increased dioxin excretion, none provided satisfactory symptom relief. Concurrently, various phytochemicals and herbal extracts have been found to possess biological activities that suppress dioxin-induced toxicity via aryl hydrocarbon receptor or activate the antioxidant nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) signal pathway, making them promising therapeutic candidates. Here, we summarize the current status of yusho and findings of clinical trials for yusho patients and discuss the treatment prospects. |
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