The association between environmental cadmium exposure,blood pressure,and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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Authors: | Aramjoo Hamed Arab-Zozani Morteza Feyzi Ali Naghizadeh Ali Aschner Michael Naimabadi Abolfazl Farkhondeh Tahereh Samarghandian Saeed |
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Affiliation: | 1.Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ;2.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ;3.Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran ;4.Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA ;5.Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran ;6.Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ;7.Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ;8.Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran ; |
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Abstract: | We performed a systematic and meta-analysis study to find the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure and blood pressure (BP)/hypertension (HTN) in exposed general populations. We searched main databases for literature published between year 2000 and April 15, 2021. Quality assessment was performed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Heterogeneity between studies was determined by I-squared (I2) statistic. The random effects model was used to determine the association between blood and urine Cd levels with hypertension. The overall standard differences in mean for Cd level in hypertensive and control groups were 3.34, 1.79, and 8.09 based on samples from blood, urine, and hair, respectively. The overall standard differences in mean for Cd level in the low and high exposure groups were???0.795 and???1.036 based on blood and urinary samples, respectively. Our findings indicate a positive relationship between blood and hair Cd levels and hypertension. We also found that hair is the optimal biological sample to find the relationship between Cd exposure and hypertension for both genders. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings. |
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