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Monitoring of organic pollutants in marine environment by semipermeable membrane devices and mussels: accumulation and biochemical responses
Authors:Okay  Oya S.  Karacık  Burak  Güngördü   Abbas  Yılmaz  Atilla  Koyunbaba  Nazmi C.  Yakan  Sevil D.  Henkelmann  Bernhard  Schramm  Karl-Werner  Ozmen   Murat
Affiliation:1.Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
;2.Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, In?nü University, 44069, Malatya, Turkey
;3.Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolst?dter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
;4.Department für Biowissenschaften, TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ern?hrung und Landnutzung, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany
;
Abstract:

This study involves the monitoring of organic pollutants using transplanted mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as bioindicator organisms and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive samplers. Mussels and SPMDs were deployed to marinas, shipyards and shipbreaking yards on the coastal area of Turkey and retrieved after 60 days. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) compounds were analysed with high-resolution GC-MS. Total PAH concentrations in SPMDs and mussels ranged from 200 to 4740 ng g sampler?1 and from 7.0 to 1130 ng g?1 in wet weight (ww). PCB and OCP concentrations in SPMDs changed between 0.04–200 and 4.0–26 ng g sampler?1, respectively. The highest PCB (190 ng g?1 ww) and OCP (200 ng g?1 ww) concentrations in mussels were measured at shipyard stations. A strong correlation was observed between the PAH and PCB concentrations in SPMDs and mussels. Enzyme assays (acetylcholinesterase, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathion reductase and carboxylesterase activities) were performed as biomarkers to reveal the effects of pollution on the mussels. There was no clear relationship found between the enzyme levels and the pollutant concentrations in mussels. Integrated biomarker responses were calculated to interpret the overall effect of pollutants.

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