土壤环境质量研究的回顾和展望

土壤环境质量作为土壤质量的重要组成部分之一，是表征土壤容纳、吸收和降解各种环境污染物的能力。目前对土壤环境质量定义尚无统一的意见，陈怀满教授给出了土壤环境质量的参考定义，指出土壤环境质量是在一定的时间和空间范围内，土壤自身性状对其持续利用和其他环境要素，特别是对人类或其他生物的生存、繁衍以及社会经济发展的适宜性。本文从土壤污染、环境容量、污染物迁移转化、生态安全以及修复技术等角度回顾了国内外土壤环境质量的研究内容。对今后土壤环境质量的发展趋势进行了展望，指出土壤环境质量在我国的研究和应用还比较薄弱，在土壤持续污染物防治、土壤污染风险评价等方面急需加强。随着我国环境形势日益严峻，土壤环境污染机理及其防治也提上议事日程，土壤环境质量的研究和应用对于我国的农业安全、食品安全、生态安全都具有极为重要的理论和现实意义。

Retrospect and Prospect on Research of Soil Environmental Quality

As an important part of soil quality, soil environmental quality indicates the capacity to contain, absorb and degrade environmental pollutants. As far there is no admitted definition of soil environmental quality. As a reference, Dr. Chen has proposed that Soil Environmental Quality meant adaptability of the soil, within a certain time horizon and spatial dimension based oll its natural property for its sustainable utilization and concerned environmental factors affecting the survival and reproduction of human and other living being as well as the development of social economy. This article reviews the studies at home and abroad on soil environmental quality from the respects of the soil pollution, environmental capacity, transference and conversion of contaminants, ecological security and remediation technology. Besides, the future researches are prospected. It is pointed out that, in China, the work of researches on soil environmental quality is still poor. Especially it needs urgent strengthening of sustaining pollutants prevention and risk assessment of soil pollution. With the increasing soil pollution in China, the research and application on soil environmental quality will be very important on agricultural security, food security, and ecological security theoretically and practically.