1990年以来中国海洋灾害系统风险特征分析及其综合风险管理

长期以来,海洋灾害一直是困扰着海域及海岸带社会经济发展的一大障碍.中国是深受海洋灾害影响的国家之一.为此,从灾害系统论的角度,分析了1990年以来中国海洋灾害系统的风险特征.研究表明,中国在过去的15年中,工程性防灾减灾措施已经使海洋灾害灾情得到了一定的控制,但由于中国海域海事活动不断增多、海岸带经济密度快速提高,大大增加了海域及海岸带承灾体对海洋灾害风险的暴露,又由于海岸带及近海海域污染加重,海洋生物灾害发生的可能性增大,使中国海域面临的灾害风险趋于上升.此外,还讨论了中国海洋灾害综合风险管理的体系,提出从海洋灾害系统角度,加强海洋灾害综合风险管理能力的建设,以促进海洋及海岸带地区由政府、企业、社区共同组成的综合减灾范式的建立.

Characteristic analysis and integrated management of oceanic disaster system risk in China since 1990

Ocean disaster has been one of the most significant obstacles to costal socioeconomic development while China is one of the countries who have been suffering from the most serious ocean disasters.This paper analyzed the characteristics of ocean disaster risk in China since 1990's based on regional disaster system theory.The results indicate that,in the past 15 years,structural projects do made some contribution to ocean disaster mitigation.However,risk exposure of costal socioeconomic system to ocean hazards has been increasing as maritime affairs and economic density of costal zone keeps rising.The costal zone is seriously polluted and the possibility of occurrence of marine biological disaster is increasing,all of these factors will make rise of the regional disaster risk in China sea area and costal zone.Based on the regional disaster system theory,a framework of integrated risk management system for ocean disaster is put forward in this paper.Which aims at unifying governments,enterprise and community in different regions of China's costal zone.