中国实行洪水保险的可行性研究

在回顾洪水保险实施现状的基础上，指出了我国洪水保险与世界洪水保险的差距，根据我国洪水灾害的特点和我国经济体制的特点，提出了符合我国国情的洪水保险措施：建立洪水保险准备金是进行洪水保险的前提，洪水保险的特殊性决定了洪水保险不可能是个营利性的保险，因此要保证洪水保险的正常运行必须有社会和国家的扶持，洪水保险机构应按流域设立，中国洪水灾害发生的空间特点决定了洪水保险机构只能按流域设置，洪水灾害发生的时间特点决定了洪水保险的对象必须是固定资产，而不应该是流动资产，遭受洪水灾害影响最大的是农田，因此农田应该是洪水保险的对象，不应该是种植在农田里的农作物，另外可以通过农业保险对不同农作物进行保险，洪水保险需要洪水风险的分析和研究作技术支撑，没有科学的洪水风险分析，洪水保险很难顺利进行，加强与洪水保险有关的各方面法律法规的建立，在洪水保险法中明确界定洪水保险的保险对象，明确保险双方的义务和权利。

The Implement Approach Study on Flood Insurance in China

On the basis of reviewing the implementation status of flood insurance, the gaps between our national flood insurance and the others country flood insurance in the world are put forward. Then flood insurance measures in China are introduced according to the characteristics of flood disasters in China and the characteristics of our economic system. Firstly, the creation of flood insurance reserve fund is a prerequisite. As a non-for-profit insurance, flood insurance must gain the finance support of the society and the nation in order to keep normal operation. Secondly, flood insurance agencies should be established by basins, as the flood spatial characteristics of the flood insurance are related to the distribution of the basins. Thirdly, the object of the flood insurance should be permanent assets, instead of floating assets according to the flood temporal characteristics. Farmland is prone to flood disasters, so the object of flood insurance is farmland instead of crops in the farmland. In order to lessen the damage of the contingent floods, local farmer can purchase the agricultural insurance according to the various crops. Fourthly, Flood insurance needs the technical support of flood risk analysis and research. Without scientific analysis of the flood risk, flood insurance can not be implemented successfully. Finally, it is also very important to establish and strengthen all aspects of the laws and regulations related to flood insurance, define clearly the target of the flood insurance and the obligations and rights of the underwriter and the purchaser of flood insurance.