区域及全球尺度的NPP过程模型和NPP对全球变化的响应

植被净第一性生产力（NPP）不仅是表征植被活动和生态过程的关键参数，而且是判定生态系统碳汇和反映生态系统对全球变化响应的主要因子。当前,模型模拟成为大尺度NPP研究的主要手段，而在众多NPP估算模型中，过程模型逐渐趋于主导地位。虽然目前有关NPP的研究有很多，但还没有关注于大尺度上应用的过程模型及其模拟的NPP对全球变化的响应。因此本文主要侧重于 NPP 过程模型在区域及全球尺度上的应用，具体包含以下内容，①进一步将区域及全球尺度的NPP过程模型分为静态植被模型和动态植被模型。②阐明这些模型间存在的区别与联系。③归纳出NPP过程模型在区域及全球尺度上应用的3大挑战：时空尺度转换、多源数据的获取与融合以及模型模拟结果的验证与评价，并根据其解决方案总结出通用的模型应用框架。④从气候变化、大气成分变化和土地利用/土地覆盖变化3个方面探讨NPP对全球变化的响应机制，以期找到NPP变化的规律与模式。最后根据NPP模型的发展对未来区域及全球尺度的NPP过程模型进行展望，认为未来模型的综合性将更高，机理性也将更强，同时与全球变化研究结合得更加紧密，且基于多个已有模型的混合模型也是未来NPP模型发展的一个重要方向。此外，本文认为对NPP模拟结果的尺度效应研究也是未来NPP研究的热点之一。

NPP process models applied in regional and global scales and responses of NPP to the global change

Net primary productivity （NPP） is defined as the difference between accumulative photosynthesis and accumulative autotrophic respiration by green plants per unit time and space. NPP is not only a key parameter representing vegetation activity and ecological processes, but also a main factor determining the carbon sink and reflecting the responses to global change for an ecosystem. At present, model simulation has become the primary means of NPP research at large spatial scales, and among many estimating tools, process-based models have increasingly tended to be dominant. According to the spatial extent that models are suited for, NPP process models are classified into two categories, i.e. models in patch scale, and models in regional and global scale. In spite of a multitude of papers related to the NPP estimation, there is still no any review focused on the process models applied in regional and global scales, and the responses of estimated NPP to the global change; therefore, this paper is concentrated on the application of these process models. The main contents of this work include： （1） further classification of these models into two groups, i.e. static vegetation models and dynamic vegetation models; （2） illumination of the differences and connections between these models;（3） summary and schematization of three major challenges in the application of NPP process models to regional and global scales, i.e. spatial and temporal scale transformations, acquirement and fusion of multi-source data, and the validation of models’ estimations;and （4） investigation of NPP’s responses to the global change, which were described in detail in three aspects involving climate change, atmospheric composition change, and the land use and land cover change （LUCC）, for the purpose of seeking the change pattern concerned with NPP. Finally, the development trends of these process models were prospected. They were thought to have better comprehensiveness and more scientific mechanism in the future, at the same time, models would be integrated into global change research more tightly, and the hybrid models based on several existing simulating tools were believed to be one of the important developing directions. Besides, this paper considered that scale effects of the estimations would also be one of the foci in the future NPP studies.