Manganese nodule project economics: Factors relating to the Pacific region |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India;2. Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation;3. I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation;1. Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Barcelona, Spain;2. Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain;1. USDA-ARS-National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Drive, Oxford, MS, 38655, United States;2. USDA-ARS-National Sedimentation Laboratory, United States;1. Academy of Chinese Energy Strategy, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), China;2. Division of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines, USA;1. Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, 88302-202, Itajaí-SC, Brazil;2. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology - JAMSTEC, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, 237-0061 Yokosuka, Japan;3. Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rod. SP340 km 127.5, 13820-000 Jaguariúna-SP, Brazil;4. Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo-SP, Brazil;5. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8330, Okayama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | This paper discusses and compares the main elements that determine the overall economics of nodule projects. The rarely examined issue of the impact on costs of processing nodules in different locations in the Pacific region is investigated. The authors then move on to an analysis of the sensitivity of nodule economics to changes in major cost and revenue elements. The paper then shifts from the quantitative to the more qualitative issues that may influence future seabed mining developments, including: the implications of the recently established 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zones; the discovery of cobalt-rich manganese crusts; the prospects for nodule or crust mining for strategic reasons. |
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