不同环境条件下水铁矿和针铁矿纳米颗粒稳定性

纳米颗粒的团聚和分散是控制许多重要环境过程的关键因素.本研究通过测定水铁矿纳米颗粒(FHNPs)和针铁矿纳米颗粒(GTNPs)的粒径和Zeta电位,计算DLVO相互作用能,探究了不同pH、离子和有机质条件下两种纳米颗粒的稳定性.结果表明Na~+和Ca~(2+)通过离子强度的作用促进FHNPs和GTNPs团聚;低浓度PO_4~(3-)(2mmol·L~(-1))、HA和FA(2 mg·L~(-1)和10 mg·L~(-1))吸附在铁矿物纳米颗粒上,改变其表面电荷,提高FHNPs和GTNPs在中高pH条件下的稳定性.高浓度的PO_4~(3-)(10mmol·L~(-1))虽然也可改变铁矿物纳米颗粒的电性,但由于离子强度的作用,对GTNPs的稳定性贡献不大.FHNPs或GTNPs的Zeta电位接近于0时,其相互作用的一级势垒和次级势阱常常同时不存在,两种纳米颗粒主要以不可逆的方式在一级势阱中团聚;当一级势垒和次级势阱同时存在时,次级势阱造成的可逆FHNPs和GTNPs团聚比例会增大.本研究结果为进一步考察FHNPs和GTNPs的环境行为和它们在负载污染物迁移中的作用提供数据支撑.

Stability of Ferrihydrite and Goethite Nanoparticles Under Different Environmental Conditions

Agglomeration and dispersion of nanoparticles control many important environmental processes. In this study, the particle size and zeta potential of ferrihydrite nanoparticles (FHNPs) and goethite nanoparticles (GTNPs) under different pH, ion, and organic matter conditions were measured. These data were used to calculate the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy between nanoparticles to further investigate the stability of two nanoparticles. The results showed that Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ promoted FHNPs and GTNPs agglomeration due to their ionic strength. The PO₄^3- with low-concentration (2 mmol·L^-1), humic acid and fulvic acid (2 mg·L^-1 and 10 mg·L^-1) loaded on iron mineral nanoparticles changed their surface charge and further improved the stability of FHNPs and GTNPs at medium and high pH. Although the PO₄^3- with high concentration (10 mmol·L^-1) also changed the electrical properties of iron mineral nanoparticles, it had little contribution to the GTNP stability due to its ionic strength. When the zeta potentials of FHNPs or GTNPs were close to 0, the primary barrier and secondary minima were nonexistent simultaneously. The two kinds of nanoparticles irreversibly agglomerated in primary minima. When the primary barrier and secondary minima coexisted, the proportion of reversible aggregation of FHNPs and GTNPs in secondary minima increased. The results provided support for further investigation of the environmental behavior of FHNPs and GTNPs, and iron mineral nanoparticle-facilitated transport of pollutants.