大型通江湖泊有色可溶性有机物对不同水文情景的响应

鄱阳湖和洞庭湖作为我国面积最大的两个通江湖泊,其湖体水质变化对长江干流水质以及湖区周围居民用水安全至关重要.通过三维荧光-平行因子分析得到4个荧光组分,研究两个湖泊的有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)光谱组成在丰、平和枯这3种水文情景下的变化规律,试图揭示鄱阳湖和洞庭湖CDOM来源及组成对不同丰枯情景的响应机制.结果表明:不同水文情景对鄱阳湖CDOM水质参数影响更为显著,CDOM吸收系数a(254)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度表现为丰水期平水期枯水期(t-test,P0.01),CDOM光谱吸收斜率S_(275-295)表现为枯水期平水期丰水期(t-test,P0.01),洞庭湖a(254)在不同水文情景下差异不显著,比紫外吸收系数SUVA_(254)最大值出现在平水期.平行因子分析法解析三维荧光光谱得到4个荧光组分,枯水期两湖CDOM类蛋白组分贡献率较大,平水期类蛋白组分及类腐殖酸组分贡献率大致相当,丰水期两个湖泊类腐殖酸贡献率占主要部分.在空间分布上,枯水期鄱阳湖4个组分的荧光强度在上游南部湖区偏小,北部偏大,丰水期反之,东洞庭湖4个组分的荧光强度在空间差异上表现为枯水期大于丰水期.鄱阳湖DOC浓度对水位的响应更明显(r~2=0.99,P0.01),东洞庭湖类色氨酸组分C2与水位呈显著性负相关关系(r~2=0.99,P0.05).鉴于此,应根据鄱阳湖、洞庭湖CDOM在不同水文情景下的响应特征,有针对性地对湖区水质进行管理.

Response of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics to Different Hydrological Scenarios in the Two Largest Freshwater Lakes Connected to the Yangtze River

Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake are the two largest freshwater lakes in China connected to the Yangtze River. Changes in the water quality of the two lakes are critical to the water security of the residents surrounding the lakes. Analyses of the optical properties, including chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy coupled by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), were carried out to investigate the dynamics of CDOM in the two lakes in different hydrological scenarios. Our results indicated that different hydrological scenarios have more notable effects on the CDOM dynamics in Poyang Lake compared to those in Dongting Lake. In Poyang Lake, the mean CDOM absorption a(254) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were higher in the wet season than in the dry-to-wet transition season, and higher still than in the dry season (t-test, P<0.01), and the mean of the CDOM absorption spectral slope S_275-295 was higher in the dry season than in the dry-to-wet transition season and higher still than in the wet season (t-test, P<0.01). In Dongting Lake, the mean of a(254) was not significantly different between different hydrological periods, and SUVA₂₅₄ reached its maximum in the dry-to-wet transition season. Four fluorescent components were identified using parallel factor analysis. The contribution percentage of CDOM protein-like components in the two lakes was higher during the dry season, and the protein-like components and humic-like components contributed roughly the same amount in the dry-to-wet season, whereas the humic-like components accounted for the main proportion in both lakes during the wet season. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the fluorescence intensity of the four components of Poyang Lake was lower in the southern upstream than in the northern downstream lake regions during the dry season, whereas in the wet season a contrast pattern was found, i.e., with high values found in the upstream lake regions. The spatial difference of fluorescence intensity of the four components in the east of Dongting Lake during the dry season was greater than that in the wet season. We found that DOC increased with increasing water level (r²=0.99, P<0.01) in Poyang Lake and tryptophan-like C2 decreased with increasing water level (r²=0.99, P<0.05) in Dongting Lake. Therefore, the water quality of the two lakes should be managed in a targeted manner according to the response characteristics of CDOM in the two lakes under different hydrological scenarios.