VR-GIS技术在小城镇洪水淹没模拟分析中的应用

近年来利用计算机和信息技术研究洪水灾害是个研究热点,但小城镇在防洪减灾方面缺少应有的关注和重视。本文对VR(虚拟现实技术)-GIS技术在小城镇洪水淹没模拟分析中的应用进行了研究,解决了系统实现过程中的一系列关键技术:小城镇空间数据库的建库技术及三维可视化、洪水淹没范围的确定,以及洪水淹没实时动态演示等问题。该技术已在国家十五科技攻关项目所开发的《小城镇基础设施防灾减灾决策支持系统》中得以实现。实践证明:小城镇空间数据库的建库技术速度快、成本低,适合中国小城镇的信息化现状。利用淹没范围的近似计算模型,可以有效迅速准确地计算出洪水淹没范围,有利于防洪减灾的迅速决策,且偏于安全。小城镇洪水灾害的三维可视化模拟,可以实时动态地演示小城镇遭受洪灾实况的全过程。

Application of VR-GIS Technology to Analysis and Simulation of Flood Undulation in Small Towns

It is a hot research issue to utilize the computer and information technology to study flood disas-ter in recent years. Compared with cities, especially megacities, however small towns do not receive dueattention in flood reduction from a broad range. In this paper, the application of VR-GIS technology toanalysis and simulation of flood undulation in small towns is presented. A series of crucial technologicalproblems are solved, which consist of the construction of spatial database in small towns, three-dimension-al visualization, the determination of flood undulation area and the dynamic scenario of flood undulation.Based on three-dimensional visualization of the terrain and building in small towns, the flood undulationprocess can be analyzed and simulated statically and dynamically, so as to provide effective decision sup-port for prevention and reduction of the flood. The model and technology have been successfully imple-mented in the "GIS-Based Decision Support System for Reducing Disasters of Infrastructure in Smalltowns" sponsored by a national project.