北京市城市公园土壤铅累积特征、来源及健康风险

城市公园在城市发展中具有社会文化、经济和环境服务等多重功能，城市和经济的快速发展可能导致城市公园土壤重金属累积从而威胁人体健康.采集北京市32个典型公园140个土壤样品，利用单因子污染指数法和地累积指数法分析了公园土壤Pb的累积特征，通过稳定同位素定量解析了土壤Pb的潜在污染来源，并使用基于蒙特卡洛的概率风险评价方法评估其健康风险.结果表明，北京市城市公园土壤ω(Pb)几何均值为38.63 mg·kg^-1,是北京市土壤背景值的1.48倍，但尚未超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600-2018)规定的筛选值；城市公园土壤Pb累积随着公园距中心城区的距离和建园时间的增加而增加；2环内、 2～4环和4～6环公园土壤Pb单因子污染指数分别为0.16、 0.10和0.09,均未达到污染水平；地累积指数分别是0.80、 0.07和-0.31,除2环内和2～4环土壤Pb达到无-中度污染水平，4～6环土壤均未达到污染水平；同位素定量源解析表明公园土壤Pb污染主要来源于煤燃烧(45.4%)、道路灰尘(19.6%)和油漆(13.9%);公园土壤Pb...

Accumulation Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Soil Lead of Urban Parks in Beijing

Urban parks have multiple functions such as social culture, economy, and environmental services during urban development. The rapid development of cities and economy may lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil of urban parks, which may threaten human health. A total of 140 soil samples were collected in 32 typical parks in Beijing. The accumulation characteristics of Pb in the soil of urban parks were analyzed using the single-factor pollution and geo-accumulation indices. The sources of Pb pollution in soils were quantitatively analyzed using the stable isotope of Pb, and the health risk was assessed using the probabilistic risk assessment method based on Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the geometric mean of Pb in soils of urban parks in Beijing was 38.63 mg·kg^-1, which was 1.48 times the background value. However, it did not exceed the risk screening value(GB 36600-2018). The accumulation of soil Pb in urban parks increased with the increase in the proximity between the park and the central urban area and the increase in the establishment time. The soil Pb pollution index of 2 ring, 2-4 ring, and 4-6 ring parks were 0.16, 0.10, and 0.09, which did not reach the pollution level, and the geo-accumulation indices were 0.80, 0.07, and -0.31, respectively. Except for the no-moderate pollution level in ring 2 and ring 2 to ring 4, the other rings did not reach the pollution level. The sources of Pb pollution in urban parks were coal combustion, road dust, and paint, with the contributions of 45.4%, 19.6%, and 13.9%, respectively. The 95% quantiles of hazard index(HI) of soil Pb in the park for different age groups were 1.11E-01, 8.57E-02, 6.39E-02, 1.64E-02, 1.36E-02, 1.26E-02, 1.64E-02, and 1.78E-02, respectively, which indicated that there was no potential non-carcinogenic risk(HI<1). Exposure duration was the most sensitive to non-carcinogenic risks in people aged 0-18 years, and soil Pb concentration was the most sensitive to non-carcinogenic risks in people aged 18-80 years. The increase in body weight often reduced the non-carcinogenic risks. These results can provide theoretical basis for soil environmental risk control in urban parks.