我国洪灾发展特点及成灾机制分析

洪涝灾害是一种严重的自然灾害，无论是它发生的普遍性和破坏性，还是它发生的经常性，都居各种自然灾害之首，本文利用大量数据对我国洪灾发展的特点进行了分析，并指出：与历史相比，近年来我国洪涝灾害呈“频发，灾重”的趋势。对洪水的成灾机制进行了介绍，并将诱发洪涝灾害的原因分自然和人为两个方面进行了比较全面的论述。

ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSE OF FLOOD CALAMITY IN CHINA

Flood is a serious calamity. The paper analyses the characteristics about flood development in China with lots of data and concludes that flood in China developed with the characteristics of high frequency and huge destruction recently. Based on it, the paper describes the mechanism of flood calamity and divides the cause of flood into two parts: natural factor and human factor. Natural factor includes three aspects, i.e., geographical condition, climate characteristic and effect of abnormal astronomy activities. Conclusion that it is the basic situation of China to develop economy with high risk of flood clammily in a long term is presented as an outcome of research on the natural factor. Human factor is the negative influence of humanity activities, including degeneration of lakes restoring capacity for floodwater, water and soil losing, barrier in watercourses, low flood control criteria of dykes, which is apt to bring about flood damages. In view of the complexity of causes of floods in China, the paper proposes that the ecological measure, engineering measure, administration measure, science and technology measure should be synthetically carried out in order to control flood calamity in the future.