基于原因-后果分析的机械安全性评估模型研究

阐述建立基于原因-后果分析(CCD)的机械系统安全性评估模型的步骤以及基本事件重要度计算的方法,在此基础上,建立除尘式砂轮机可能发生事故的CCD模型。该模型计算结果显示:首先,除尘式砂轮机的砂轮破裂飞出造成伤人的事故发生概率、严重程度、风险度最高;其次,大量粉尘飞扬造成的后果风险度排在第二,相对较高;最后,防护措施可使该设备事故概率大幅下降。CCD模型可以帮助找到机械系统的相关安全事故类型,并能够衡量出系统"本质安全"能力,从而为设计和安全监察部门进行安全设计及设备管理提供决策依据。

Research on Machine Safety-capability Evaluation Model Based on Cause-consequence Diagram

The steps for developing a machine safety-capability assessment model based on Cause-Consequence Diagram(CCD) and the method for calculating the importance degree of basic events are put forward.Based on this,four CCD models for vacuum-type grinder safety are developed.Computation results of these models show that the accident probability,severity and risk level of grinding wheel flying to worker death are highest;The risk level of harm from a great deal of dust rising upward is just lower than that of grinding wheel flying to worker death;Accident probability can be reduced by adding safeguard measures.CCD models can help seek out all accident types of a machine system related and evaluate machine-system inherent safety-capability,which thus provides basis for safety designers and supervision departments to make safety design and manage machine.