城市快速路出入口交通安全仿真评价研究

为评价城市快速路出入口在不同的渠化设计和设施设置条件下的交通安全水平,以交通冲突次数表征交通安全水平,确定实验因素,设计仿真实验方法,建立基于SSAM的仿真模型并标定参数,进行仿真实验以获取不同实验因素水平下交通冲突数据。结果表明:与入口相比,出口冲突次数更多;匝道坡度对冲突数有一定影响,但并不明显;车辆提前变道和提前减速对于提高交通安全水平极为重要,是降低交通冲突有效的方法。结论显示的趋势与以往事故数据和定性分析结论一致。最后基于实验结论提出快速路渠化设计和安全设施设置原则。

Traffic Safety Evaluation for Urban Expressway Entrance/Exit by Simulation

In order to evaluating urban expressway entrance/exit traffic safety under different setting condition of design and facilities,this paper uses the number of traffic conflicts to measure traffic safety,determines experimental factors,designs experimental method and establishes simulation models based on SSAM with calibrated parameters to collect traffic conflict data under a series of experimental factors of different levels.The result includes: traffic conflicts at exit are more than those at entrance;the gradient of ramp has some but not apparent effect on traffic conflicts;lane change and deceleration in advance is most important for improving traffic safety,and is the most effective method to decrease number of traffic conflicts.The tendency that the result shows is in accordance with previous accident data and qualitative analysis,and thus credible.Finally,the paper puts forward principles for expressway design and safety facilities setting.