低温制高纯氮生产过程危险性分析及安全对策

针对低温冷冻制取高纯度(≥99.999%)氮气和液氮的生产工艺及装置,对其生产过程中存在或潜在的危险、有害因素进行辨识和分类,并作出危险和有害程度评价;明确物料泄漏、设备缺陷、人为因素等事故致因,特别对氮窒息事故进行案例剖析。同时,应用目的树分析方法,从工艺技术和安全管理角度,提出消除或减少生产性危险及职业性危害的安全对策和措施。结果表明:在低温制高纯氮生产过程中,采取技术上和管理上的安全对策与措施,能有效预防火灾、爆炸、氮中毒等事故发生,避免低温冻伤等职业危害,从而防患于未然。

Risk Analysis of Production Process of High-purity Nitrogen under Low Temperature and Its Safety Measures

The hazards existing in the production process of high-purity nitrogen(≥99.999%)are identified and classified,and their risks are assessed.Meanwhile,causation factors for accidents such as leakage of materials,defects of equipments and human factors are determined.The nitrogen asphyxiation accident is emphatically analyzed.Based on objective tree analysis,safety countermeasures to reduce and eliminate the hazards in the production process are summed up from the aspects of safety technology and safety management.It is concluded that the implementation of safety technology and management methods can effectively prevent fire,explosion and nitrogen asphyxiation occurring and avoid occupational health accidents such as hypothermia frostbite.