大型公共场所多源疏散的控制流模型研究

以现有的单源最快流控制算法为基础,考虑人员在大型公共场所中的实际分布状况,遵循最大限度利用各出口的原则,提出针对多源疏散的全局最优化算法。根据此算法可以得出各疏散源点经过各出口的疏散人员数量以及人员的行走路径、从源点出发和完成疏散的时刻。将算法应用于某百货公司的案例研究表明,在多源疏散的情况下,各源点依次按照单源最快流控制算法进行独立疏散,能够保证每个源点的最优疏散,但整体的疏散效率并非最优;而应用全局最优化算法进行疏散,可以充分利用疏散过程中不同出口的疏散时间差,取得减少整体疏散时间、提高疏散效率的效果。

A Flow Control Algorithm for Multi-sources Emergency Evacuation in Public Facilities

A flow control strategy is an effective method for evacuating people in public facilities.Based on the existing fast flow control algorithm for single-source,a global optimization algorithm for multi-sources emergency evacuation is presented with consideration of the decentralized distribution of people in actual public facilities.The basic principles that the evacuation from all exits should be finished simultaneously and the exits should be uninterruptedly used by people are taken into account in the presented algorithm.According to the presented algorithm,the parameters for each source corresponding with each exit can be calculated such as the number of people and their walking path,the action time from a source and the finishing time leaving an exit.By applying the algorithm to a department store,it can be concluded that in the case of multi-sources evacuation,the optimal evacuation of each source can be ensured if each source independently applies the fast flow control algorithm for single-source.But the overall evacuation efficiency is not optimal.Whereas,the global optimization algorithm for evacuation can take full advantage of evacuation time difference among different exits so that the overall evacuation time can be reduced and the evacuation efficiency can be improved.