抗生素降解菌剂对猪粪堆肥腐熟和细菌群落演替的影响

接种抗生素降解菌可促进畜禽粪便中抗生素去除，但相关污染物降解菌对堆肥进程及土著微生物群落演替的影响研究甚少.分析一种以抗生素降解菌种为核心的复合微生物菌剂在猪粪抗生素去除中的作用，探究接种菌剂对猪粪堆肥理化进程以及细菌群落演替的影响.结果表明，抗生素降解菌剂接种处理猪粪中抗生素去除率达81.95%，与对照相比，其抗生素残留总量下降42.18%.在堆肥条件下，接种抗生素降解菌剂促进了猪粪堆肥升温，加速了堆体水分去除，降低了堆肥中氨气和硫化氢累积排放量，使得堆肥产物中氮磷钾总养分含量和萝卜种子发芽指数分别提高6.80%和68.33%，同时堆肥产物中稳定性有机质含量增加，纤维素和半纤维素等难分解物质含量下降.细菌群落结构分析指出，接种菌剂提高了堆肥中放线菌门和厚壁菌门细菌的相对丰度，其中与堆体升温正相关的嗜热菌丰度显著增加（P<0.01），而致病细菌相对丰度下降.细菌群落共现网络分析表明，接种菌剂改变堆肥土著细菌群落互作模式，降低了细菌群落网络的复杂度和连通性，优化了有益细菌与其他菌群的生态关系，为建立新的和更加健康的堆肥细菌群落奠定了基础，可为抗生素降解菌剂在堆肥中的应用开发提供了科学依据.

Effect of Antibiotic-Degrading Bacteria on Maturity and Bacterial Community Succession During Pig Manure Composting

The inoculation of antibiotic-degrading bacteria into manure could promote the removal of antibiotics during composting. However, knowledge on the impact of inoculating these antibiotic-degrading bacteria on the composting process and indigenous microbial community succession is still limited. This study assessed the antibiotic removal efficiency in pig manure after inoculating a microbial inoculum with antibiotic-degrading bacteria as the key component. The effect of inoculating this microbial inoculum on the physicochemical dynamics and the succession of the manure bacterial community during composting was also analyzed. The results showed that the antibiotic degradation in pig manure reached 81.95% after inoculating the microbial inoculum. When compared with that in the control, the total concentration of antibiotic residues in manure with the microbial agent inoculated was decreased by 42.18%. During composting, inoculating the microbial inoculum accelerated the temperature rise of compost, favored water loss, and alleviated the release of NH₃ and H₂S. Moreover, the total nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the final compost and the germination index of radish seeds increased by 6.80% and 68.33%, respectively, after inoculating this microbial inoculum. Furthermore, inoculating the microbial inoculum increased the content of stable organic carbon in the final compost and decreased the content of recalcitrant substances such as cellulose and hemicellulose. The analysis of the manure bacterial community showed that inoculating the microbial inoculum increased the relative abundances of Actinomycetes and Firmicutes in the compost. In particular, the thermophilic bacteria that was positively related to the compost temperature was increased significantly (P<0.01) after inoculating the microbial inoculum, whereas the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria was correspondingly decreased. Network analysis of the bacterial coexistence pattern showed that inoculating this microbial inoculum also changed the interaction pattern of indigenous manure bacterial communities, which greatly reduced the complexity and connectivity of the bacterial interaction and improved the ecological relationship between beneficial bacteria and other bacterial communities. The effect of this microbial inoculum on the interaction with manure bacterial community laid a foundation for the establishment of a new and healthier composting bacterial community. This study provides a scientific basis for the application and development of multifunctional antibiotic-degrading microbial agents in manure treatments.