长期覆膜条件下农田土壤微生物群落的响应特征

地膜覆盖是农业生产中保障粮食增产增收的重要措施.为明确长期地膜覆盖对农田土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响，采集4个不同覆膜年限的农田土壤，利用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌和真菌群落结构变化，探讨长期覆膜农田土壤中微生物群落的变化及其对微生物生态环境效应的影响.结果表明，长期覆膜对土壤细菌多样性无显著影响，但降低真菌多样性；长期覆膜使土壤细菌酸杆菌（Acidobacteriota）和真菌被孢霉菌（Mortierellomycetes）物种丰度降低，增加土壤放线菌（Actinobacteriota）物种丰度.长期覆膜可以使土壤富集细菌中的芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）和类诺卡氏菌（Nocardioidaceae），及真菌中的肉座菌目（Hypocreales）和曲霉菌（Aspergillus）等有益微生物菌群.然而长期覆膜使土壤真菌共生网络变得简单而脆弱，其关键物种仅有子囊菌门中的粪壳菌目（Sordariales）中的未知菌属一种，因此对农田土壤生态环境带来潜在风险.本研究为深化了解长期覆膜对农田微生物生态环境效应的影响提供理论依据.

Response Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community Under Long-term Film Mulching

Film mulching is an important practice to increase the yield and income in agricultural production. Soil samples were collected from four farmland sites with different mulching years to reveal the effect of long-term plastic mulching on characteristics of soil microbial community structure. In order to explore the long-term effect of soil microbial community change and its effect on the microbial ecological environment, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes in soil bacterial and fungal community structure. The results showed that long-term film mulching had no significant effect on soil bacterial diversity but decreased fungal diversity. Long-term film mulching decreased the abundance of Acidobacteriota and Mortierellomycetes and increased the abundance of Actinobacteriota. Long-term film mulching enriched the beneficial microbial communities such as Bacillus, Nocardioidaceae, Aspergillus, and Hypocreales in soil. However, long-term film mulching indued a simple and fragile soil fungal co-occurrence network pattern. The unidentified Sordariales under Ascomycota was the only key species in the fungal co-occurrence network, which resulted in potential risks to the ecological environment of the farmland soil. This study provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the effects of long-term film mulching on the ecological and environmental effects of microorganisms in farmland.