光驱动水凝胶用于非常规水源处理的研究进展

近年来淡水资源短缺问题日趋严重，使用非常规水源作为淡水资源的补充受到了广泛关注.海水和大气水是非常规水源中很重要的组成部分，最近十年水凝胶逐渐被应用到处理这些水源的技术之中，如光热蒸馏、正渗透、水富集.由于水凝胶与水分之间独特的相互作用，使得水凝胶与之前所研究的水处理材料相比在吸水性能和脱水性能方面都具有极大的优势.此外，其在自然光照条件下就可以实现水处理工艺的运行，从而使得水处理过程更加低碳环保.本文首先介绍了海水淡化和大气集水方法的发展历程，之后分别介绍了水凝胶应用于海水淡化和大气集水方面近几年来的研究进展，从评价指标、处理原理、影响因素、净化能力等方面对各种处理工艺进行总结，最后提出了光驱动水凝胶用于非常规水源处理方法的研究前景.

Research progress of solar-driven hydrogels for treatment of unconventional water sources

In recent years, the shortage of freshwater resources has become increasingly serious, and the use of unconventional water sources as a supplement to freshwater resources has received widespread attention. Sea water and air water are very important components of unconventional water sources. In the past decade, hydrogels have gradually been applied to technologies for treating these water sources, such as photothermal distillation, forward osmosis, and water enrichment. Due to the unique interaction between hydrogels and water, hydrogels have great advantages in terms of water absorption and dehydration performance compared with previously studied water treatment materials. In addition, it can realize the operation of the water treatment process under natural light conditions, thereby making the water treatment process more low-carbon and environmentally friendly. This article first introduces the development history of seawater and air water treatment methods, and then respectively introduces the research progress of hydrogels in seawater and air water treatment in recent years, from the aspects of evaluation indicators, treatment principles, influencing factors, purification capabilities, etc. Summarize various treatment processes, and finally put forward the research prospects of light-driven hydrogels for unconventional water source treatment methods.