南极内陆科考站的环境影响评价及减缓措施

南极内陆地区以其特殊的地理位置和特有的生态环境在研究全球变化尤其是气候变化中发挥不可替代的作用.随着越来越多的科考站在南极内陆地区建立,人类活动对南极环境的不利影响的程度和性质正在发生范围的扩散和层次的转移.本研究以中国昆仑站为例,依据不同类型活动的发生概率、范围、持续时间,严重程度的不同,对在南极内陆地区建立科考站所产生的环境影响进行了综合分析,结果表明,科考站的建设和运行对南极内陆环境及其附属的生态系统带来了不可避免的负效应,提出相关减缓措施以期尽可能减缓不良的环境影响,这不仅为日后南极科考活动提供规范化指导,还为南极内陆地区环境污染的控制及管理和可持续发展提供参考.

Assessment of Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures for Inland Antarctic Scientific Station

Due to its special geographical location and particular ecological environment, inland Antarctica plays an irreplaceable role in the study of global change, especially the climate change. With more and more scientific stations established in the Antarctic inland areas, the adverse effects degree and characteristic of human activities to the Antarctic environment is changing with the diffusion ranges and transfer levels. In this study, we took Chinese Kunlun station for example, and made a comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact arising from the establishment of a scientific station in the Antarctic inland areas according to different types of activities and their differences on probability, scope, duration and severity. The results showed that inevitable negative effects had been made to the environment and its incidental ecological system of Antarctic inland during the construction and operation of the scientific station establishment. However, we also proposed mitigation measures to achieve the goal of minimizing environmental impact as much as possible, which would not only provide standardized guidance for future Antarctic expedition activities, but also give reference to environmental pollution control and management, as well as the sustainable development of the inland areas.