有毒气体扩散模型在事故救援中的应用

针对近年来日益增多的危险化学品泄漏事故,对国内外常见的有毒气体扩散模型进行了简要论述,在分析其各自特点的基础上,从事故救援需求的角度,提出了一种基于高斯模型的有毒气体泄漏扩散算法;基于GIS实现了有毒气体扩散的动态仿真,可较好地预测扩散造成的危害范围.实例分析了一定气象条件、地形特征和时间序列下,危险化学品泄漏后有毒气体浓度的分布情况,为辅助救援人员合理划定警戒区域、及时采取有效措施组织抢险救援行动,提供了一种行之有效的方法.

Application of poisonous gas diffusion models to rescue of chemical accidents

According to the rising tendency of chemical accidents, the paper reviews the domestic and international study on poisonous gas diffusion models, and puts die emphasis on the discussion about the characteristics of each model, then puts forward a novel algorithm based on Gaussian model. According to this algorithm and by use of GIS, the spatial concentration distribution of poisonous gas spread can be computed, and simulation is realized by programming to show the dynamic diffusion process of the poisonous gas. Though application example, the concentration distribution of poisonous gas after dangerous chemical leakage for certain meteorological situation, landform character and time sequence was analyzed. The diffusion trend and pattern was described visually and exactly in GIS, which can greatly help the fire commanders to determine warning area and implement the rescue efficiently in chemical accidents.