我国应急管理体制的问题及其发展对策的研究

应急管理体制是否健全对于减少事故损失具有非常重要的影响,因此,对应急管理体制的研究具有非常重要的现实意义。笔者从机构设置、工作程序、参与主体、组织指挥模式、应急计划、技术支撑系统等几个方面对美国、日本和我国目前应急管理体制进行分析,揭示我国应急管理体制存在的问题,结合应急管理发展专业化的趋势及我国目前的国情,以统一指挥、科学决策、快速反应和联合行动,切实保障人民群众的健康与生命安全为目标,从组织机构、运作机制、法制建设、预案体系建设和技术支撑体系5个方面提出了我国应急管理体制的发展对策,并对该应急体制下的应急运作机制做了相应研究。有关研究成果将对我国目前的应急管理体系建设具有一定的启发和参考意义。

Study on Shortcomings of Emergency Management System in China and Its Development Countermeasures

As a developing country, the safety management in China is not so perfect. There are many hidden dangers which are likely to lead to accidents. However, the effectiveness of emergency management system greatly influences the severity of consequence. Study on the emergency management system is a subject with realistic significance. The characteristics about organization setting, working procedure, main participating body, commanding mode , emergency planning and technical supporting system in USA, Japan and China are analyzed. According to the analysis, the shortcomings of emergency management system in China are revealed. By combining the developing tendency of emergency management and current situation in China, the development including organization system , operational system , legislation, emergency planning system and technical supporting system are put forward. They are expected to be a guide for the emergency management system development in China.