动高压法合成金刚石技术中的环境和安全问题分析

针对动高压法合成金刚石研究和生产实践中只重视产品的生产制备,而普遍忽视相关的安全和环境问胚的现实,从技术基本原理和工艺过程的主要环节对制备技术可能给社会安全、自然环境和工作人员的身体健康带来的危害进行了比较系统的分析.生产原材料及其反应废料和废气中包含了多种危险化学品或有毒害作用的物质,涉及爆炸品、酸性腐蚀品、氧化剂、有毒气体,如TNT、HClO4、HNO3、H2O2、HF、K2Cr2O7、Cl2、NO等.对它们的具体毒害特性进行了总结,对于相应的治理措施提出了建议.

Study on the safety and environmental problem of diamond production by using dynamic technology

This paper is aimed at analyzing the environmental situation involved in the production of diamond by means of dynamic high pressure technology. As a matter of fact, the use of dynamic high pressure technology brings about not only problems of environment pollution but also problem of safety as well as human health threat. Through our investigation of the related problems in diamond production caused by the use of the dynamic method, we have found that in the materials used in the production and the waste substances resulted from the production, there exist many kinds of dangerous or noxious components, such as explosive residues, corrosive, oxidant, and toxic gas, for example, residues of TNT, HClO4, HNO3, H2O2, HF, K2Cr2O7, Cl2, NO, etc. All of such substances contain certain harmful properties that may cause serious damage and lead to diseases both for the diamond users and its production operators. Particularly serious is the problem of the related pollution in the production surroundings, where or near which residents or other people are likely to contract some chronic diseases such as skin alert, respiratory barrier, pulmonary disease, mucosal disease, and even cancer. Through a detailed study, a conclusion has been made that it is of the extremely great urgency to pay more attention both to the technological forms used in the diamond production and the production management. Corresponding measures are therefore put forward to solve, including heightening of the awareness of the safety and environment protection, reducing the volume of chalk involved, perfecting the technics as well as choice of proper production sites.