微生物菌剂对畜禽粪便好氧堆肥过程中重金属钝化与氮转化的影响

本研究探讨了以黄孢原毛平革菌（p）、黑曲霉（a）和地衣芽孢杆菌（b）组合的一系列微生物复合菌剂对猪粪好氧堆肥效果、重金属钝化以及氮转化的影响.研究结果表明，在促进堆肥进程和腐熟程度的效果上，菌剂（b+p+a） > 菌剂（b+p） > 菌剂（p）.当b：p：a=1：5：5时（处理D），种子发芽率指数（GI）在第16 d即达到80%，且C/N降低至11.4，效果最佳.在重金属钝化方面，钝化效果为：菌剂（p） > 菌剂（b+p+a） > 菌剂（b+p）.重金属Cu和Zn钝化效率在仅添加菌剂（p）时最高，钝化率分别达到69.7%和59.4%.在固氮效果方面，菌剂（b+p） > 菌剂（b+p+a） > 菌剂（p），当b：p：a=1：8：0时（处理E），固氮效果最优，与处理B（CK）相比，总氮和有机氮损失分别减少了17.3%和18.5%.由此可见，微生物菌剂配比对猪粪堆肥化进程、重金属钝化和氮素保持等具有重要影响.

Effects of microbial agents on heavy metal passivation and nitrogen transformation in aerobic composting of livestock manure

This study was conducted to investigate the performance of microbial inoculants (i.e. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (p), Aspergillus niger (a) and Bacillus licheniformis (b)) and their different combination in the composting process, heavy metal passivation and nitrogen transformation during pig manure composting. The results indicated the efficiency and maturity of the composting by the inoculum were in the following order:(b+p+a) > (b+p) > p. The germination index (GI) reached 80% and C/N ratio decreased to 11.4 on day 16 in the inoculation treatment D (b:p:a was 1:5:5), indicating that the inoculation strategy achieved the optimal composting performance. The highest passivation efficiency for heavy metals (Cu of 69.7%, and Zn of 59.4%) was obtained in the inoculation treatment by (p), followed by the combination of (b+p+a) and (b+p). The best nitrogen retention was achieved in the inoculum (b+p), followed by the inoculum (b+p+a) and (p). Compared to control treatment, the loss and total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in the treatment by inoculum (b:p:a=1:8:0) were reduced by 17.3% and 18.5%, respectively. Therefore, the microbial agents and their different inoculation ratios had significant influence on the maturity, heavy metal passivation and nitrogen retention during pig manure composting.