三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统健康评价

生态系统的健康和相对稳定是人类赖以生存与发展的必要条件. 分析了三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统的健康状况，使用3S技术获取基础地理数据，构建基于压力-状态-响应模式的三级指标体系模型，并以AHP法结合专家咨询法选取人口密度、地质灾害易发度等10项指标，进行综合得分计算并分级. 结果表明:①在生态环境调查的基础上，应用GIS空间分析方法进行生态系统健康评价具有可操作性和结果的可靠性；②三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统健康质量表现出2～4级生态系统占主体(82.6%)的特点，生态质量一般，人类社会经济活动对生态系统的健康状况造成较大影响；③生态系统健康质量水平分布表现出明显的区域差异，从行政范围来看，彭水县、巫山县较好，巫溪县、武隆县等次之，云阳市、万州区等则较差. 结合系统聚类分析方法分析三峡库区(重庆段)生态系统健康状况空间分异的成因；并从宏观尺度上提出了对该地区人为活动的不良生态后果予以积极预防和有效调控的综合对策. 

The Ecosystem Health Assessment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing Section)

Healthy ecosystem is an indispensable condition for human survival anddevelopment. The ecosystem health of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (ChongqingSection) was analyzed. Based on the 3S technique, a three-grade indicator system model based on Pressure-State-Response mode was constructed, and the methodsof AHP and Delphi were used and 10 indices, including population density and geological disaster frequency, etc., chosen to evaluate the Ecosystem Health Composite Index (ESHCI) in the area. The results show that: ① The method of GIS spatial analysis can be used for the analysis of the ecosystem health and can get a reliable result; ② In Chongqing Section, areas with degrading ecosystem health cover 82.6% of the total area, which may be attributed to the human activities; ③The distribution of the ESHCI shows an obvious area difference. Distributed by the political region, the Pengshui County and Wushan County are the mostly healthy ones, the Wuxi County and Wulong County are less healthy, and the Yunyang Cityand Wanzhou are the worst in health. The reason of the distribution was found out by hierarchical cluster analysis. Moreover, the comprehensive countermeasuresin a macro-scale were proposed to actively prevent and effectively control thebad ecological results caused by human activities.