超细颗粒通过建筑狭缝的传输特性

采用实验和数值模拟方法研究室外颗粒物通过建筑狭缝进入室内的渗透传输特性及其影响因素.利用快速迁移率粒径谱仪(fast mobility particle sizer,FMPS)测量两个实验舱的颗粒数量浓度从而得到颗粒穿透率,控制不同的狭缝尺寸及压差研究其对渗透过程的影响.数值模拟计算与实验结果进行了比较,趋势基本吻合.实验与模拟计算结果表明,当缝高为1 mm,小粒径颗粒穿透率较小,其主导影响因素为布朗扩散运动,随着颗粒粒径的增加,穿透率呈增加趋势.缝长越长,压差越小,颗粒穿透率就越小.模拟计算结果显示,缝高越小,颗粒穿透率就越小,其缝高占主导影响因素.当缝高为1 mm,粒径大于30nm的颗粒其穿透率接近于1,而当缝高减小到0.25 mm时,粒径在300 nm附近颗粒穿透率达到最高0.93,随粒径继续增加,颗粒穿透率呈减小趋势,重力沉降开始占主导因素.当缝高变化时,不同粒径颗粒沉降到壁面的主导因素随之变化.实验结果显示:在较低浓度一定范围内,颗粒数浓度对穿透率的影响较小.室内外颗粒数浓度I/O比值范围为0.69~0.73,相关系数R2为0.99,其线性相关性显著.狭缝直通道颗粒穿透率明显大于有拐角的通道.

Characteristic of Ultrafine Particles Transferring Through Building Envelopes

Penetration and transmission characteristics of outdoor particulate matter through building envelope structure into indoor and its influencing factors were studied by experimental and numerical simulation methods. With the aid of fast mobility particle spectrometer (fast mobility particle sizer, FMPS), particle number concentrations were measured and particle penetration rates were obtained. The effects of slit size and flow pressure on the infiltration process were studied. Compared with numerical simulation and experimental results, the trend was consistent. Experiment and simulation results showed that when the slit was 1 mm high, the penetration rate of particulates with small particle size was small. Its leading influence factor was Brownian diffusion movement, with the increase of particle size, the penetration rate increased. Particle penetration rate was enhanced with the increase of inlet pressure and particle size, but decreased with the increase of slit length. Simulation results showed that the particle penetration rate was enhanced with the increase of slit height. Among all the factors, slit height was the dominant one. When the particle size was more than 30 nm, the penetration rate was close to 1. When the slit height was reduced to 0.25 mm, the penetration rate of particles with size of near 300 nm reached the maximum of 0.93. With the increase of the particle size, particle penetration rate showed a trend of decrease, and gravity settling began to dominate. The experiment result showed that when the slit height changed, the dominant factors of particles subsidence to the wall were changed. At low concentration in a certain range, the particle number concentration had little effect on the penetration rate. The range of particle number concentration of inside and outside I/O ratio was 0.69-0.73. The correlation coefficient R²was 0.99. The linear correlation was obvious. The particle penetration rate in slit straight way was significantly greater than that at the corner of the channel.