深圳市船舶排放清单与时空特征研究

为分析深圳市船舶排放特征,本研究以劳氏船级社数据库(Lloyd's register of shipping,LR)以及船舶自动识别系统(automatic identification system,AIS)为基础,收集整理深圳市各主要船舶类型及其活动水平的本地化参数,使用基于引擎功率和燃料消耗量的排放因子法,估算深圳市2010年船舶排放清单,并利用船舶AIS活动轨迹建立1 km×1 km空间分配因子和时间特征谱.结果表明,2010年深圳市各类船舶排放的SO2、NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5和VOCs总量分别为13.6×103、23.3×103、2.2×103、1.9×103、1.7×103和1.1×103t,全槽格式集装箱船为最大贡献船型,靠泊模式排放比例最大.船舶排放的高峰期集中在白天时段,但不同船舶的具体峰值有所不同;船舶排放量的空间分布呈面状及带状分布交错,高值排放区为西部港口群、东部大鹏湾海域及主要水运航道.

Marine Emission Inventory and Its Temporal and Spatial Characteristics in the City of Shenzhen

To analyze the characteristic of marine emission in Shenzhen City, activity-based and fuel-based approaches were utilized to develop the marine emission inventory for the year of 2010, using the vessel files from the Lloyd's register of shipping (LR) and vessel track data from the automatic identification system (AIS). The marine emission inventory was temporally (resolution: 1 hour) and spatially (resolution: 1 km×1 km) allocated based on the vessel track data. Results showed that total emissions of SO₂, NO_x, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5and VOCs from marine vessels in Shenzhen City were about 13.6×10³, 23.3×10³, 2.2×10³, 1.9×10³, 1.7×10³ and 1.1×10³ t, respectively. Among various types of marine vessels, emission from container vessels was the highest; for different driving modes, hotelling mode was found with the largest mission. Marine emissions were generally higher in the daytime, with vessel-specific peaks. For spatial distributions, in general, marine emissions were zonally distributed with hot spots in the western port group, Dapeng Bay and the key waterway.