贵州喀斯特石漠化与生态环境治理

贵州的喀斯特石漠化治理不仅在贵州和中国的喀斯特区,乃至在世界喀斯特区都将具有重要的典型示范作用。根据1999年卫星遥感解译结果分析,全省中度以上石漠化面积13 187 km2占到7.49%,轻度以上石漠化面积35 920 km2,占到全省的20.39%,如再加上具有潜在石漠化的土地,面积可以达到45.20%。贵州对喀斯特石漠化生态环境进行了长期、持久的研究,为石漠化治理提供了坚实的理论基础和有力的技术支撑,形成了具有中国特色的成功治理模式:包括小流域综合治理模式,生态农业模式,退耕还林还草、林草结合的草、畜(禽)生产模式,草地畜牧业模式,坡耕地防治水土流失的坡改梯模式,环境移民与开发式扶贫模式,典型脆弱生态环境综合治理模式等。正由于石漠化治理取得显著的成绩,使治理区生态环境恶化趋势得到了根本的好转,表明喀斯特石漠化生态环境是可以治理改善的,消除贫困及走可持续发展之路是完全可以实现的。

KARST ROCKY DESERTIFICATION AND ECOLOGY REHABILITATION IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE

The control of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province is a typical indicative example not only in China, but also in the world. According to the remote-sensing image interpretation obtained in 1999, medium rocky desertification area now accounts for 7. 49%of the whole Guizhou Province (13187 km2); over slight rocky desertification area accounts for 20. 39% (35920 km2); the total area ofboth fbrmcr and potential rocky desertification area has risen to 45. 20%. We have extended our research on rocky desertification,provided solid theoretical and technical basis for the control of rocky desertification and established successful rehabilitation modelwith Chinese characteristics such as integrated control of small drainage area, returning cultivated land to forestry and grass,production of both animal and grass, changing slope to terrance in order to prevent water loss and soil erosion, aiding the poor byway of environmental immigration and development and improving representative fragility ecology, etc. It is the distinct results of rocky desertification control that the ecological environment has been significantly rehabilitated, indicating that the ecologicalenvironment of rocky desertification can be rehabilitated and elimination of poverty and sustained development can be realized.