典型农药废盐热处理特性及适用性

随着我国农药行业的迅速发展，农药废盐的管理和无害化处置已经成为亟待解决的环境问题.为了解决农药废盐热处理适用性的问题，推进废盐热处理工业化进程，选择盐城某企业典型农药废盐开展热重试验和动力学模型研究，分析废盐的热处理特性；基于热重试验和动力模型获取的优化参数，进一步利用管式炉模拟试验研究循环流化床焚烧炉处置废盐的可行性.结果表明:该农药废盐热解和燃烧的失重过程相似，在升温过程中一直处于缓慢失重状态，但均只有一个明显的失重阶段.其中，热解的失重阶段为170~298℃，700℃时减重率达到84.08%，燃烧的失重阶段为194~315℃，700℃时减重率达到81.45%，为了使废盐充分反应，根据热重结果确定热处理温度为350℃.热处理动力学分析表明，燃烧和热解在失重阶段反应机理相同，氧气的存在可以促进废盐的热处理过程，确定了热处理的组分为空气组分，该农药废盐属于低热值成分复杂的固体废物.在上述条件下，利用管式炉模拟试验进一步优化了废盐的热处理条件为温度350℃、停留时间45 min、空气组分、空气流量40 mL/min.对热处理后的残留物及烟气进行GC/MS分析发现，热处理法可有效降低废盐中有机污染物含量，烟气中有害物质以苯系物为主，含有少量氯苯及氯代烃类有机物.研究显示，经过管式炉热处理试验后，废盐中有机污染物的去除率达82.93%，可以有效降低有机污染物含量，从而验证了该类废盐热处理的适用性. 

Thermal Treatment Characteristics and Adaptability of Typical Pesticide Waste Salts

With the rapid development of pesticide manufacturing in China, the management and disposal of pesticide waste salts has become an urgent environmental issue. In order to solve the problem of the applicability of thermal treatment and promote the industrialization process of thermal treatment for pesticide waste salts (PWS) disposal, typical salts were sampled from an agrochemical enterprise in Yancheng. Thermo-gravimetric (TG) experiments combined with kinetic model analysis were conducted to explore heat treatment characteristics. Further, based on optimization parameters obtained from TG experiments and the kinetic model, the feasibility of circulating fluidized bed incinerator for PWS disposal was further studied using a tube furnace simulation test. The experimental result indicated that the process of weight loss of combustion and pyrolysis of PWS was similar to the state of slow weightlessness during the process of heating with only one stage of weightlessness. The weightlessness stage of pyrolysis was 170-298℃ and the weight loss rate reached 84.08% at 700℃. Also, the weightlessness phase of combustion was 194-315℃ and the weight loss rate reached 81.45% at 700℃. In order to ensure full PWS reaction, the thermal treatment temperature was determined to be 350℃ according to the TG test. Meanwhile, kinetics showed that the reaction mechanism of combustion and pyrolysis in the weightlessness stage was the same. The existence of oxygen promoted the thermal treatment process of PWS. It was determined that the atmosphere of heat treatment was air components. The PWS of the pesticide belonged to the solid waste with low calorific value and complex components. Under the above conditions, the thermal treatment conditions of the PWS were further optimized by the tube furnace simulation test at a temperature of 350℃, a retention time of 45 min, an air component and an air flow rate of 40 mL/min. Moreover, the paper also made GC/MS analysis of the residue and exhaust gas after thermal treatment. Test results determined that thermal treatment can reduce the content of organic matter effectively. Among the harmful substances in the exhaust gas were mainly benzene series, which also contained a small amount of chlorobenzene and chlorinated hydrocarbon organics. Research showed that after the tube furnace heat treatment experiment, the removal rate of organic pollutants in PWS reaches 82.93%, which can effectively reduce the content of organic pollutants. Thus, according to the pyrolysis characteristics, the applicability of PWS heat treatment was verified, providing a theoretical basis for the heat treatment of PWS.