不同土地利用类型土壤重金属生态风险与人体健康风险

采集龙口市北部平原区5种土地利用类型表层土壤,检测5种重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和As)的含量.在初步了解土壤重金属污染状况的基础上,利用调整评估阈值以后的Hakanson潜在生态风险评价模型和修正参数后的健康评估模型,评价该区由土壤重金属引起的潜在生态风险和对人体健康带来的风险.结果表明,本研究中的5种重金属含量均超过背景值;Cd元素的潜在生态风险高而复杂,在水浇地、果园和裸地中主要为二级风险,城市工业用地和采矿用地以重度风险为主,As元素在每种地类中一级和二级风险基本相当,其余3种重金属各地类的轻微风险面积占比都在70%以上; 5种元素的综合生态风险在除裸地外的地类中多为三级风险,城市工业用地及采矿用地四级风险的面积占比相对较大;该区5种土壤重金属对人体健康存在非致癌和致癌风险,成人和儿童由Pb元素引起的非致癌风险以经口摄入为主要途径,且致癌重金属As对这两类人群的致癌风险的暴露途径亦是经口摄入.

Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals for Different Types of Land Use and Evaluation of Human Health

Surface soils were collected from five types of land use in the northern plain of Longkou City and the contents of five heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As) were determined. Based on results from preliminary studies on heavy metal pollution of soil, the potential ecological risks caused by heavy metals in the soil and risks to human health were evaluated using the Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment model after adjusting the evaluation threshold and the health assessment model after modifying parameters. The results show that the contents of five heavy metals in the study area exceed the background value, the potential ecological risk of Cd is high and complex, in irrigated land, orchard land, and bare land it is mostly the second-class risk, and urban industrial land and mining land are dominated by severe risk. The element As is equivalent to the first two levels of each land class; the minor risk areas of the other three types of heavy metals are larger than 70%. The comprehensive ecological risk of the five elements is higher than the three-level risk in the field, except for the bare ground. The area of four-level risk of urban industrial land and mining land is relatively large. The five types of soil heavy metals in this area present noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human health. The element Pb and heavy metal As, both entering the body by oral intake, pose a noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to adults and children, respectively.