垃圾焚烧固化稳定化飞灰填埋处置面临的问题与对策

我国飞灰安全处置是生活垃圾焚烧污染控制及风险管理的薄弱环节，由于飞灰固化稳定化工艺的多样性，固化飞灰化学、物理、力学特性差异大，固化飞灰填埋设计标准、规范缺失，导致固化飞灰填埋处置存在扬尘大、刺激性气味强、渗滤液产量大、渗滤液组分复杂、渗滤液处理难、填埋场持续运行困难等一系列问题。基于实验测试研究成果，提出了固化飞灰的土工特性参数以及渗沥液水质典型指标的取值。通过分析提出了固化飞灰填埋场设计、运营管理、填埋作业工艺、雨污分流及渗滤液处理等相关优化建议，为固化飞灰安全填埋处置提供系统性解决方案。

Problems and countermeasures in solidification and stabilization fly ash landfill disposal of waste incineration

The safe disposal of fly ash in China is a weak link in the pollution control and risk management of municipal solid waste incineration. Due to various fly ash solidification stabilization processes, the chemical fly ash has different chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics, and the solid fly ash landfill design standards and specifications are missing. The solidified fly ash landfill disposal has a series of problems such as large dust, strong irritating odor, large leachate production, complex leachate components, difficult leachate treatment, and difficulty in continuous operation of the landfill site. Based on the results of field and laboratory tests, the engineering characteristics of solidified fly ash and the typical values of leachate quality were proposed. Through comparison and analysis, solidified fly ash landfill operations, rain and sewage diversion, and leachate treatment were proposed. Other related optimization proposals provide a systematic solution for solidified fly ash safe landfill disposal.