恶臭污染精准模拟的峰/均值因子研究进展

大气扩散模型是进行恶臭污染管理的有效工具，它可以评估恶臭污染的影响范围和影响程度.然而，由于恶臭污染的特殊性，通常使用的大气扩散模型模拟结果是小时均值浓度，不能满足恶臭污染评估对瞬时最大值的需求，所以，需要引入峰/均值因子，将扩散模型计算结果从均值浓度（如1 h均值）转换到短时间峰值浓度（如1 s峰值）.通过研究国内外峰/均值因子相关文献，以及国内外恶臭标准、评估技术中峰/均值因子的相关规定，对峰/均值因子的研究理论、影响因素和计算方法进行系统地分析、总结和评述.现阶段的研究表明，峰/均值因子受大气稳定度、距离、地形、污染源类型等多种因素的影响.然而，由于影响峰/均值因子的因素较多，大部分国家和地区只能在其恶臭环境影响评价导则中将峰/均值因子设置为一个或一组固定值，与实际情况不符，因此具有一定的局限性.结合我国的恶臭污染评价现状，建议将峰/均值因子理论引入我国，综合考虑我国的恶臭污染特点、气象特征、地形等，探讨建立适用于我国的不同地区不同污染源类型的峰/均值因子.峰/均值因子的研究可为我国恶臭污染的精准模拟、恶臭防护距离的制订、恶臭暴露-效应关系的研究提供基本理论与技术支持. 

Research Progress on Peak-to-Mean Factor in Precision Simulation of Odor Pollution

Air dispersion model is an effective method for odor pollution management because we can use it to access the environmental impact scope and degree. However, the simulation results of air dispersion model are usually expressed as an hourly mean concentration, which was not applicable for the odor pollution management, because only the instantaneous maximum concentration is meaningful in the field of odor pollution. Combining the characteristics of odor pollution, the peak-to-mean factor needs to be introduced into odor pollution assessment to convert the simulation results from the mean concentration such as one-hour mean into the one-second peak concentration. By studying the literatures and criteria in the world, the research theory, influencing factors and calculation methods on peak-to-mean factor were systematically analyzed and reviewed. The results indicated that the peak-to-mean factor was affected by atmospheric stability, distance, terrain, type of the sources and so on. Because of the complexity of the influenced factors, most of countries and regions just set the as a constant value in odor environmental impact assessment guidelines. However, it should be limited to use in practice. We introduced the peak-to-mean theory into domestic odor management and established the peak-to-mean factor database that was applicable for different regions and types of sources in China. The research of peak-to-mean factor could provide a basic theory and technical support for accurate simulation, separation distance and dose-response association in odor pollution.