环境态度及其与环境行为关系的文献评述与元分析

为总结梳理环境态度定义、测量方法、影响因素及其对环境行为的影响，采用文献综述与元分析（meta-analysis）的方法，检索Elsevier ScienceDirect数据库、Web of Science Core Collection数据库、中国人民大学中文学术资源发现平台和中国知网（CNKI）中有关环境态度的文献，并从检索出的652篇相关文献中筛选出202篇核心文献、提取出43篇实证文献，对环境态度与4类环境行为之间的关系进行定量分析.结果表明，从环境态度定义和测量方式来看，国内外研究者对环境态度有着诸多定义，但都集中在“情感”“信念”“行为意图与倾向”等心理学方面；环境态度的测量方式也较多，诸多测量量表被开发，其中新环境范式量表和新生态范式量表在该领域占据着重要地位.从环境态度的影响因素来看，众多研究者从心理学和社会人口学方面进行研究，国外研究者对这两大方面有着广泛研究，价值观和道德、性别、年龄、收入、教育和知识皆为研究热点，而国内研究者比较注重环境知识这一影响因素.环境态度与环境行为之间综合相关系数为0.309（P < 0.001），环境态度与环境行为之间呈显著正相关关系.分别考察环境态度与回收行为、能源消费行为、绿色购买行为以及出行行为等4类环境行为间的关系发现，环境态度与绿色购买行为综合相关系数为0.334（P < 0.001），高于回收行为、能源消费行为和出行行为.研究还显示，在4类环境行为中，绿色购买行为与环境态度的相关性最强:一方面，环境态度有利于促进环境行为，因此可以通过教育、宣传等干预手段提高公众的环保态度，从而促进各类环保行为.另一方面，环境态度对于不同类型环保行为的促进效果是不同的，因此为促进公众的绿色购买行为，可以考虑增加对环境态度的教育和宣传，提高公众的环境态度；而对于促进节约用水、用电等能源消费行为，则不仅需要提高公众的环境态度，还需要结合其他更有效的干预手段（如价格干预、提示标志等）. 

Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental Attitude and Environmental Behavior

To summarize the definition, measurement and the effect of environmental attitude on environmental behavior, we conducted a literature review and a meta-analysis. Through searching for research on environmental attitude from four databases (i.e., Elsevier ScienceDirect, Web of Science Core Collection, RUC Resource Searching Platform and CNKI), 202 core articles were filtrated out from 652 related literatures, from which 43 empirical papers were selected for the meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between environmental attitudes and four types of environmental behavior. The results show that although there are many definitions on environmental attitude, most of them focus on psychological aspects such as emotions, beliefs, behavioral intentions and tendencies; also, many measurement scales on environmental attitude have been established, among which the New Environmental Paradigm Scale and the New Ecological Paradigm Scale are the key scales. A substantial amount of research has explored the psychological and socio-demographic antecedents of environmental attitude around the world, focusing on value, norm, gender, age, income, education and knowledge, while domestic scholars have paid more attention on knowledge. In addition, the correlation coefficient between environmental attitudes and environmental behavior is 0.309 (P<0.001), and there is a significant positive correlation between environmental attitudes and environmental behavior. The relationships between environmental attitude and recycling, energy consumption, green purchasing and travel behavior shows that environmental attitude and green purchasing behavior comprehensive correlation coefficient was 0.334 (P<0.001), higher than the recycle behavior, energy consumption behavior and travel behavior. Therefore, environmental attitude and green purchasing behavior had the strongest correlation. The results have important implications to the understanding of the facilitating role and intervention effect of environmental attitude in different environmental behaviors. On the one hand, the general positive effect of environmental attitude on environmental behavior implies that it is feasible to improve a range of environmental behaviors by increasing individuals'' environmental attitude through education, promotion, etc. The differences in the effects of environmental attitude on different types of environmental behavior imply that in addition to increasing people''s environmental attitude, other intervention approaches (e.g., price intervention, reminders) may also need to be used for improving environmental behaviors such as energy saving.