9种抗生素对污泥高温厌氧消化的急性抑制

通过急性抑制实验方法评价了9种抗生素（2种氨基糖苷类抗生素核糖霉素、链霉素，2种大环内酯类抗生素红霉素、螺旋霉素，2种四环素类抗生素四环素、土霉素，以及林可霉素、氯霉素和头孢唑啉）在2种浓度(25 mg·L-1和50 mg·L-1)水平下对污泥高温（55 ℃）厌氧消化的急性抑制效果。结果表明，土霉素与链霉素在2种浓度水平下均未对高温厌氧消化产生急性抑制，而四环素与核糖霉素仅在50 mg·L-1水平下导致甲烷累计产量分别下降了36.13%和17.50%。头孢唑啉、林可霉素、红霉素、螺旋霉素和氯霉素在25 mg·L-1浓度水平下即表现出较强的急性抑制效果，其中25 mg·L-1的林可霉素和氯霉素暴露系统中甲烷的累计产量分别下降了29.39%和19.88%，50 mg·L-1浓度水平下进一步降低到51.27%和49.46%。而头孢唑啉、红霉素和螺旋霉素在25 mg·L-1和50 mg·L-1浓度水平下表现出相似的急性抑制效果，累计甲烷产量分别降低了43.03%～47.49%、40.60%～44.91%和54.61%～55.69%。高温厌氧消化前后挥发性有机酸的变化表明，林可霉素主要通过抑制丁酸互营氧化菌活性降低乙酸产量从而降低甲烷产量，50 mg·L-1的核糖霉素主要抑制乙酸型产甲烷古菌活性，而红霉素、螺旋霉素、氯霉素、头孢唑啉和四环素可同时抑制产甲烷古菌和丁酸互营氧化菌活性。

Acute inhibition of nine antibiotics on sludge thermophilic anaerobic digestion

This study evaluated the short-term acute inhibition impacts of nine antibiotics (ribostamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and cefazolin) at two concentration levels (25 mg·L-1 and 50 mg·L-1) on thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD). Results showed that oxytetracycline and streptomycin at the concentration of 25 mg·L-1and 50 mg·L-1 didn’t inhibited methane production, while tetracycline and ribostamycin at the concentration of 50 mg·L-1 reduced methane production by 36.13% and 17.50%, respectively, after thermophilic AD for seven days. Cefazolin, lincomycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, and chloramphenicol showed a strong acute inhibitory effect at the concentration of 25 mg·L-1. The cumulative methane production in lincomycin and chloramphenicol exposing systems decreased by 29.39% and 19.88%, respectively, at the concentration of 25 mg·L-1, and further decreased to 51.27% and 49.46%, respectively, at the concentration of 50 mg·L-1. Cefazolin, erythromycin and spiramycin showed similar acute inhibitory effects at concentrations of 25 mg·L-1 and 50 mg·L-1, with their cumulative methane productions decreasing by 43.03% to 47.49%, 40.60% to 44.91% and 54.61% to 55.69%, respectively. The change of volatile organic acids after thermophilic AD indicated that lincomycin could reduce methane production by inhibiting syntrophic butyric-acid-oxidizing bacteria, and ribothromycin mainly impacted the activity of aceticlastic methanogen. At the same time, erythromycin, spiramycin, chloramphenicol, cefazolin, and tetracycline at the tested concentrations might inhibit both the activity of methanogen and syntrophic bacteria.