东北地区工业污染时空格局演变研究

基于东北地区2003—2015年地市层面工业废水、工业SO2排放数据,采用标准差椭圆、地理集中度指数,从宏观及微观两个角度分析东北地区工业污染时空格局演变特征,并对工业发展与工业污染演变协同关系展开研究.结果表明,2003—2015年间东北地区两种工业污染排放量及占全国比重均有所提升,工业污染尤其是工业SO2污染对生态环境胁迫逐渐增大;标准差椭圆结果显示,工业污染在空间上均呈南(偏西)-北(偏东)方向分布,工业污染重心轨迹迁移存在相似性,工业SO2污染空间集聚程度高于工业废水;工业污染地理集中度显示,地市层面工业污染集聚情况呈南高北低的空间分布特征,研究期内工业污染集中度高值区分布范围明显收缩,空间特征得到强化;东北地区工业发展与工业污染空间形态演变存在相似性,空间形态上的差异逐渐减弱.分地区看,东北地区中部工业环境绩效最高,而工业污染集中度较低的北部工业环境绩效偏低,局部上表现出工业发展与工业污染变化不一致的特点.最后分析了工业及工业污染空间格局演变趋势及北部地区工业发展与工业污染变化不一致的原因.

Studies on the spatiotemporal dynamics of industrial pollution in Northeast China

As an important old industrial base, Northeast China has been facing challenges of environment protection. Based on statistics of industrial waste water and industrial SO₂ of Northeast China from 2003 to 2015, this article analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of industrial pollution by using SDE model, geographical concentration index and investigates spatiotemporal consistency between industrial development and industrial pollution. The results indicate that 1industrial pollution, especially industrial SO₂, put heavier pressure on environment, the share of industrial wastewater discharge and industrial SO₂ emissions of Northeast China in national total showed an increasing trend 2the spatial distribution and evolution of industrial wastewater and SO₂ were similar, concentrating in southern areas, and the spatial concentration of industrial SO₂ was higher than that of industrial wastewater 3the spatial mismatch between industrial growth and industrial pollution were decreasing gradually, except for the northeast areas, where there were significant differences between industrial development and industrial pollution. Finally, we analyze the factors driving the spatiotemporal dynamics of industrial pollution in Northeast China, such as industrial development level, industrial structure and environmental expenditure. This study is helpful for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of industrial pollution and the connections between industrial growth and industrial pollution in Northeast China.