南京市大气降尘重金属污染水平及风险评价

为探究城市不同功能区大气降尘重金属的污染水平及其风险,在南京市典型工业区、交通区、居住区和高教区这4个区域设置20个采样点,采集大气降尘,并分析其中As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr、Ti、V、Zn的含量,采用潜在生态危害指数和美国EPA健康风险评价模型对重金属的风险进行评价,采用富集因子、相关性分析和主成分分析对金属元素进行源解析.结果显示,As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn在工业区含量最高,而Ba、Ni、Ti、V在交通区含量最高.工业区的综合潜在生态风险指数最高,高教区最低,元素Cr的生态风险最高,达中等生态危害.健康风险评价中各金属元素均不具有非致癌风险及致癌风险.源解析结果表明,研究区域大气降尘重金属主要来自交通、工业活动、燃煤、自然源及生活源等.

Pollution Levels and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Atmospheric Deposition in Nanjing

In order to evaluate the pollution levels of and risk from heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition of different functional urban districts, dust samples were collected from 20 sampling sites in typical industrial, traffic, residential, and educational districts of Nanjing. The concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn were analyzed. The potential ecological risk and health risk were evaluated using the potential ecological risk index and U.S. EPA''s health risk assessment models. Enrichment factors, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were used to analyze the sources of heavy metals. Results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were the highest in the industrial district and the concentrations of Ba, Ni, Ti, and V were the highest in the traffic district. The value of the potential ecological risk index was the highest in the industrial district and lowest in the educational district. Meanwhile, the ecological risk of Cr was the highest, achieving a moderate ecological hazard level. None of the studied heavy metals had noncarcinogenic risk or carcinogenic risk, according to the results of health risk assessment. Source analysis indicated that heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition from the study areas were mainly from traffic and industrial activities, coal combustion, natural process and life sources.