中国部分地区铅暴露儿童健康风险评价

通过解析我国现有血铅浓度数据,采用无阈值剂量效应曲线,计算了我国部分地区轻度智力发育迟缓(MMR)的发生概率.最后利用MMR发生率以及生命周期表,计算了相应的伤残调整寿命年.结果表明:我国儿童血铅浓度几何均值和几何标准差分别为5.94,1.58μg/dL,超标率为12.74%,而由于铅暴露污染所导致的儿童MMR发生率和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)分别为0.78%和0.10a.计算结果表明,我国儿童的铅暴露风险低于非洲,南美以及部分中东地区,远高于北美以及欧洲,与除日本以外的其他亚洲国家基本持平.

Health risk assessment for children due to lead exposure in some region of China

In the present study, mild mental retardation (MMR) rates for Chinese children in some regions were assessed based on the distribution of blood lead levels in Chinese children and a non-thresholdren dose-response curve. And then the corresponding disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated using the MMR rate and the life timetable. Based on the data collected, the geometric mean (GM) and the geometric standard deviation (GSD) of blood lead levels in Chinese children were 5.94 μg/dL and 1.58μg/dL, respectively. The rate higher than safety value of exposure for children in China was 12.74% and the corresponding MMR rate and DALYs were 0.78% and 0.1a, respectively. These results showed that the risk in Chinese children was lower than Africa, South America and partial Mideast, and similar with other Asian countries, expect for Japan, but much higher than North America and Europe.