不同类型地膜覆盖对土壤质量、根系生长和产量的影响

针对我国农业生产中地膜大规模使用带来的土壤环境污染问题，通过应用降解地膜进行大田试验，以南瓜为研究试材，探究了黑色普通地膜(CK)、白色降解地膜(WDF)、黑色降解地膜(BDF)和黑色CO₂基降解地膜(C-DF)对土壤理化性质、根系生长与产量的影响，并对土壤质量进行评估.结果表明，3种降解地膜处理土壤含水量和温度，较普通地膜均不同程度降低；各处理间土壤有机质含量无显著差异；C-DF处理土壤速效钾含量较CK降低，WDF和BDF无显著影响；BDF和C-DF处理土壤全氮和速效氮含量较CK和WDF降低，处理间差异达到显著水平.3种降解膜处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性较CK显著提升2.9%～6.8%,蔗糖酶较CK显著降低了33.3%～38.4%.BDF处理土壤纤维素酶活性较CK显著提升63.8%,WDF和C-DF无显著影响.3种降解膜处理对地下部根系生长具有促进作用，长势明显增强.BDF和C-DF处理南瓜产量与CK趋近，BDF处理南瓜产量较CK显著降低11.4%.试验结果表明，BDF和C-DF处理对土壤质量和产量的影响与CK相当.研究认为2种黑色的降解地膜在高温生产季节可有效替代普...

Effects of Different Types of Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Quality, Root Growth, and Yield

Aiming to address the problem of soil environmental pollution caused by the large-scale use of plastic film in agricultural production in China, field experiments were carried out by applying degradable plastic film. Pumpkin was used as the research material to explore the effects of black common plastic film (CK), white degradation plastic film (WDF), black degradation plastic film (BDF), and black CO₂-based degradable plastic film (C-DF) on soil physicochemical properties, root growth and yield, and soil quality. The results showed that the soil water content and temperature of the three degradable plastic films were lower than those of ordinary plastic films to different degrees; there was no significant difference in soil organic matter content among the treatments. The soil available potassium content of the C-DF treatment was lower than that of CK, and WDF and BDF had no significant effect. Compared with those in CK and WDF, soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen contents in the BDF and C-DF treatments were lower, and the difference between treatments reached a significant level. Compared with that of CK, the catalase activities of the three types of degradation membranes were significantly increased by 2.9%-6.8%, and the sucrase was significantly decreased by 33.3%-38.4%. Compared with that in CK, the soil cellulase activity in the BDF treatment was significantly increased by 63.8%, whereas WDF and C-DF had no significant effects. The three types of degradable film treatments could promote the growth of underground roots, and the growth vigor was obviously enhanced. The yield of pumpkin treated with BDF and C-DF was close to that of CK, and the yield of pumpkin treated with BDF was significantly lower than that of CK by 11.4%. The experimental results showed that the effects of the BDF and C-DF treatments on soil quality and yield were comparable to those of CK. According to the results, two types of black degradable plastic film can effectively replace ordinary plastic film in the high-temperature production season.