The significance of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons applied to agricultural soils in sewage sludges in the U.K. |
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| Institution: | 1. Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, La Salle University (UNILASALLE), Canoas, RS, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry and Oleochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;5. Universidad De La Costa, Calle #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia;6. Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore;2. Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, RAP/OUB-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany;3. Performance Materials, BASF SE, G-PMF/SU-F206, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany;1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;2. Department of Materials, Technologies and Processes, School of Design, Minas Gerais State University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;3. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;1. Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 16628, Czech Republic;2. Departement Chemie Celestijnenlaan, KU Leuven, 200F – P.O. Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;3. Department of Polymers, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 16628, Czech Republic;4. Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - Box 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium;1. Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea;2. Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The ubiquity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludges is now well documented. Since PAHs exhibit carcinogenic/mutagenic behaviour concern has been expressed over their fate following sludge application to agricultural soils. This paper presents a resume of the behaviour of sludge applied PAHs in soils and their propensity to transfer from the soil into plant tissues. This information is used to assess the environmental significance of PAHs in sludge amended soils. Sludge PAH inputs to the U.K. environment are compared with other known sources, such as waste disposal and atmospheric deposition and the possible impact of sludge application on human exposure is considered. It is concluded that at present there is no necessity to specifically regulate PAH inputs to agricultural soils in sewage sludge. |
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