Remote sensing of ocean surface currents with the Seasonde HF radar |
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| Institution: | 1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA;3. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA;4. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;5. Texas A & M University, Kingsville, TX, USA;6. Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA;7. University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;8. California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA;9. Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA;10. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;11. The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA;12. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;13. INFN Sezione di Catania, Italy;14. Mississippi State University, Miss. State, MS, USA;15. Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA;p. Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA;q. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA, USA;r. School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;s. University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA;t. Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;u. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;v. Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;w. Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA;x. Stony Brook University, State University of New York, NY, USA;y. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA;z. Nuclear Research Center -Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel;11. University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada;12. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;13. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;14. Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;15. Department of Physics “E. Fermi”, University of Pisa, Italy;16. INFN, Pisa, Italy;17. University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;18. Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia;19. Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, DE-55128 Mainz, Germany;110. Saint Norbert College, De Pere, WI, USA;111. Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;112. Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine;113. Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA;114. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA;115. Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia;1p. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;1q. Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA;1r. INFN, Rome, Italy;1s. University of Illinois-Chicago, IL, USA;1. College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;2. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3. National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China;4. Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China;5. College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;1. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue, South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA;2. College of Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of Delaware, 111 Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA;3. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA |
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| Abstract: | The SeaSonde high-frequency radar is a portable, shore-based system for measuring ocean surface currents in real time over coverage areas exceeding 1000 km2. It utilizes compact antennas and direction finding methods to extract information on currents from the sea echo signals. Experiments with the radar in sheltered coastal waters in Canada and oceanic conditions in the Pacific Ocean have shown reasonable agreement with drifters and current meters. Forecasting methods have been developed that provide estimates of the slowly varying flows produced by tide, wind and buoyancy, and estimates of the spatially varying eddy diffusivity, based on a few days of measurements. These current data are suitable for use in oil spill models. |
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