水库流域生态补偿标准测算体系研究——以大伙房水库流域为例

生态补偿标准的测算是建立生态补偿机制的核心问题,也是难点所在。研究在对现有生态补偿标准计算方法进行总结分析的基础上,分别从供给方和需求方的角度探索建立了水库流域生态补偿标准测算体系。该体系对基于水库上游水源涵养区生态系统服务功能、生态保护建设总成本和基于下游用水城市意愿支付价格的补偿标准进行了比较分析,最终选择一个既能使水消费者承受得起,又能使生态保护者体会到有所回报的补偿金数额作为上下游协商确定补偿标准的依据。此体系较为全面地对补偿标准进行了测算,使得补偿标准更为公平、合理,进一步完善了水库流域生态补偿标准测算方法。并以大伙房水库流域为例,对其补偿标准进行测算,得出基于研究区生态系统服务功能的补偿标准为64661.3万元,基于研究区生态保护建设总成本的补偿标准为9221.4万元,基于下游用水城市意愿支付价格的补偿标准分别为8637.6万元、12956.4万元,最终认为10000万元是令补偿双方都比较容易接受的一个价格,可作为确定补偿标准的依据。

Research on calculating system of ecological compensation standard for reservoir basin: A case of Dahuofang reservoir basin

The calculating of ecological compensation standard is the core issue and also difficulty in establishment of eco-compensation mechanism. This study establishes the calculating system of eco-compensation standard at supply-side and demand-side on the basis of analyzing the existing calculating method of eco-compensation standard. The system carries on the com-parison and analysis of the eco-compensation standards based on ecosystem services, total cost of ecological protection and construction and willingness price to pay. A final choice is made as the basis for standard setting, which can not only be affordable by water consumers, but also make the ecological protectors feel rewarded. The system calculates the compensation standard more compre-hensively, makes the standard more equitable, reasonable, and further improves the calculating method of reservoir ecological com-pensation. The paper calculates compensation standard of Dahuofang reservoir basin as an example. The compensation standard is 646.613 million yuan based on ecosystem services, 92.214 million yuan based on total cost of ecological protection and 86.376 mil-lion yuan, 129.564 million yuan based on willingness price to pay, respectively. From the results, it is more easily accepted by both sides to set the amount of the basis for standard setting at 100 million yuan.