天津市乡镇工业企业大气污染健康损失估算

或然值评估法（Contingent Valuation Method)是一种广泛应用于环境物品，公共物品非使用价值或损害估算的具有代表性的非市场评价方法，而支付意愿（Willingness To Pay)是指在某种虚拟市场下，人们对环境物品，公共物品或某种服务愿意支付的货币量，其中，支付的最大货币量具有意义，根据支付的最大货币量，可以间接得到环境物品，公共物品或其损害的经济价值，从而可以获得导致损害的污染的经济估算值，本采用或然值评估法，通过调查当地居居的支付意愿，估算了天津市郊区乡镇工业企业大气污染导致的人体健康损失，结果显示，在1999年，天津市郊区（县）乡镇工业企业大气污染导致的人体健康损失值在9645万元和55772万元之间，人均为31．2元到180．4元之间（1999年），分析结果还表明，被调查的年收入，年龄与其支付意愿呈极显性相关。

VALUING HEALTH IMPAIRMENT RESULTING FROM AIR POLLUTION IN TIANJIN'S TOWNSHIP-VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The present paper gives a detailed discussion on the economic loss caused by the negative impact of the air pollution on human health through an analysis of the statistical data gained indirectly from the investigation with Tianjin's Township-Village Industrial Enterprises (TVIEs) on the permission of the corresponding authoritative departments. According to the statistical data, the economic loss of the industry in this way is estimated between 96.46 million YUAN(RMB) and 557.72 million YUAN(RMB) in 1999 and from 31.2 YUAN(RMB) to 180.4 YUAN(RMB) per person. In addition, the investigation shows that there exists a very significant correlativity between the social variables such as annual income, age and WTP. To make the whole picture more comprehensive for the readers and the experts concerned, the paper also bring about a brief introduction of a few key terms specific in this area, such as Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), Willingness To Pay (WTP), informants' economic behavior, etc. The analysis of ours with the investigation shows that, although WTP of people who have the willingness (WTP>0) to pay is different from WTP of all the people (WTP>0 and WTP=0) concerned in the suffered region, the attitude of the local people to sustaining the original environmental status or paying for the loss of the public goods is hard to circulate in concrete markets will as revealed by a range of WTP in the form of economic value.