城市系统碳循环与碳管理研究进展

城市化带来的土地利用变化和化石燃料燃烧是引起全球气候变化和温室效应的主要原因之一。了解不同区域城市系统碳循环的过程、途径、方向和机制，有助于更好地进行未来大气温室气体的情景预测，并提出相应的碳管理措施。论文在国内外城市系统碳循环研究的基础上，对城市系统的特征、空间范围和碳过程特征进行了总结和分析；从城市能源使用碳排放、城市植被和土壤碳研究、城市扩展对碳排放的影响、城市代谢与碳过程、城市系统碳循环模拟等方面对目前城市系统碳循环的主要研究内容进行了综述；结合URCM研究计划，对城市碳管理的理论框架、科学问题和主要措施及目标进行了探讨；最后提出了该领域未来研究的主要方向和建议。

Progress in the Research of Carbon Cycle and Management of Urban System

Land use change and fossil fuel combustion caused by urbanization are the major reasons for global climate change and greenhouse effect. Understanding the process, way, direction and mechanism of carbon cycle of regional urban system is helpful to better forecast the future concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases and to put forward corresponding carbon management measures. Urban system is an integrated multi-factor and multi-level social-economic system, and its carbon cycle process has some characteristics that are quite different from natural e-cosystems, such as complexity, uncertainty and spatial heterogeneity. The carbon cycle of urban system is a very complex process that includes natural and human process, horizontal and vertical process, economic and social process etc., which are essentially different from that of natural ecosystems. Firstly, based on the carbon cycle research of urban system in China and overseas, this paper summarized and analyzed the characteristics, spatial extent and carbon cycle process of urban system. Secondly, the paper discussed the main research aspects in carbon cycle of urban system at present such as carbon emission from urban energy use, carbon cycle of urban vegetation and soil, the influence of urban expansion on carbon emission, city metabolism and carbon process, modeling carbon cycle of urban system etc. During the discussion of the above aspects, this paper mainly illustrated the key points and train of thought of each research field, and analyzed the effects of human factors and economic activities on the spatial heterogeneity of urban carbon cycle. Thirdly, it talked about the theoretical framework, scientific problems, main strategies and aims of carbon management according to URCM (Urban and Regional Carbon Management) research project. Finally, it put forward the future direction and suggestion in this field, such as strengthening the researches on economic and social mechanism of carbon cycle process of urban system, discovering the carbon cycle characteristics of different land use types and the effects of land use change on carbon emission, building carbon cycle model of urban system and adopting feasible carbon management practices to attain the aim of decarbonized city.