Eyes and extraocular photoreceptors in midwater cephalopods and fishes: Their roles in detecting downwelling light for counterillumination |
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| Authors: | R E Young C F E Roper J F Walters |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA;(2) Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA;(3) Maui Community College, Hawaii, USA |
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| Abstract: | The means of detecting downwelling light for counterillumination in several midwater animals has been examined. Eyes and extraocular photoreceptors (drosal photosensitive vesicles in the enoploteuthid squid Abraliopsis sp. B and pineal organs in the myctophid fish Myctophum spinosum) were alternately exposed to overhead light or covered by a small opaque shield above the animal and the bioluminescent response of the animal was monitored. Covering either the eyes or the extraocular photoreceptors resulted in a reduction in the intensity of counterillumination. Preliminary experiments examining the bioluminescent feedback mechanism for monitoring intensity of bioluminescence during counterillumination in the midwater squid Abralia trigonura indicated that the ventral photosensitive vesicles are responsible for bioluminescent feedback. |
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