矿产资源开发的生态地质环境风险研究——以甘孜州东部为例

甘孜州东部是我国矿产资源富集区和生态地质环境脆弱区之一,生态地质环境承载力呈现出南优北差、西优东差的格局。据矿业历史及现状影响,建立承载力—矿业活动关系模式,将承载力分为正荷载、等荷载和超荷载三种状态。采用生态地质环境危险性与潜在损失承载体求积运算的方式获取风险值,并进行四级风险区划。风险空间分布大体呈现出东高西低、北高南低的形态,矿业活动区及其缓冲区、小流域、大流域都处于风险联动的系统内,风险区划与承载力区划成正相关关系。针对生态地质环境风险提出加强小矿有序开发、加强勘查和开发过程管理、提高矿产资源利用效率、构建监测系统和加强矿山环境问题治理等应对措施。

Study on Eco-geological Environmental Risks of Mineral Resources Development,with Eastern Ganzi-Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an Example

Eastern Ganzi-Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is one of the vulnerable mineral-rich regions and eco-geological environmental vulnerable areas.As for the eco-geological environmental carrying capacity,it is fine in the north and poor in the south;fine in the west and poor in the east.According to the mining history and status effects,the carrying states are divided into positive load,equivalent load and over load.By multiplication operation of eco-geological environmental hazard risks,the risk values were obtained and divided into four risk zones.The spatial distribution of risk zones is characterized as being high in the east and low in the west,and high in the north and low in the south.Mining activity area and its buffer zone,small watershed and great basin are all at the risk of system linkage.Risk zoning and carrying capacity zoning show a positive correlation.In order to combat eco-geological environmental risks,some measures are put forward,including enhancing orderly development of small mines,strengthening exploration and development process management,improving the efficiency of mineral resources,building the monitoring system,and strengthening the governance of mine environment.