应用物种敏感性分布评估多环芳烃对淡水生物的生态风险（Assessing Ecological Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons（PAHs）to Freshwater Organisms by Species Sensitivity Distributions）

阐述了利用物种敏感性分布进行生态风险评价的原理与方法,构建了淡水生物对8种常见多环芳烃(蒽、芘、苯并a]芘、荧蒽、菲、芴、苊、萘)的物种敏感性分布;在此基础上,计算了这8种多环芳烃对不同类别生物的HC5(Hazardous Concentration for5%of the species)阈值,预测了不同浓度多环芳烃对生物的潜在影响比例PAF(Potentialaffected fraction),比较了不同类别生物对多环芳烃的敏感性,以及多环芳烃对淡水生物的生态风险,并对以红枫湖、黄河、白洋淀为代表的中国典型水体中的多环芳烃进行了联合生态风险评价.结果表明:1)当污染物浓度达到10μg·L-1时,半数多环芳烃的风险超过了5%的阈值;当浓度上升到100μg·L-1时,只有萘和苊没有显著生态风险.2)对于芴和荧蒽,无脊椎动物更为敏感;而对于萘,则脊椎动物更敏感.3)通过HC5值比较和SSD曲线图比较,可得出污染物对所有物种的生态风险大小依次为:蒽>芘>苯并a]芘>荧蒽>菲>芴>苊>萘;对脊椎动物风险大小为:荧蒽>苊>萘;对无脊椎动物:蒽>芘>荧蒽>菲>芴>苊>萘.4)多环芳烃在红枫湖、黄河、小白洋淀的生态风险均较低,急性联合msPAF(multisubstance PAF)值小于1%.

Assessing Ecological Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)to Freshwater Organisms by Species Sensitivity Distributions

The paper presents the principles and steps of ecological risk assessment by means of Species Sensitivity Distributions(SSD),and constructs the SSD curves of different freshwater organisms to eight priority PAH congeners,including naphthalene(Nap),acenaphthene(Ace),fluorine(Flo),phenanthrene(Phe),anthracene(Ant),fluoranthene(Fla),pyrene(Pyr)and benzoa]pyrene(BaP).Based on this,the Hazardous Concentration for 5% of the species(HC5)of eight PAH congeners to freshwater organisms were estimated,and the Potential Affected Fraction (PAF)of various PAHs concentrations to freshwater organisms was predicted.The paper also compares the sensitivity of different freshwater species to PAHs,and the ecological risks of PAHs to various freshwater organisms,as well as the joint ecological risks of PAH congeners in such typical surface water as Hongfeng Lake,the Yellow River and Small Baiyangdian Lake.The following results were obtained:1)In case of the PAHs concentration being 10μg·L~(-1),the ecological risk of Fla,BaP,Pyr and Ant exceeded the 5% threshold;however,at the PAHs concentration of 100μg·L~(-1),only Nap and Ace didn't show significant ecological risk.2)To Flo and Fla,invertebrates were more sensitive than vertebrates;however,to Nap,vertebrates were more sensitive than invertebrates.3)Though comparing the HC5 and the SSD curves of the eight PAHs,it could be found that the ecological risk of PAHs to all the spcies from high to low was in the order of Ant>Pyr>BaP>Fla>Phe>Flo>Ace> Nap;while,to vertebrates,that was in the order of Fla>Ace>Nap,and to invertebrates,that was in the order of Ant> Pyr>Fla>Phe>Flo>Ace>Nap.5)The ecological risk of the PAHs in Hongfenghu Lake,Yellow River and Small Baiyangdian Lake was relatively low,with the joint acute msPAF(multisubstance PAF)being less than 1%.