Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen on Turf Grassland in Central Japan: Comparison of the Contribution of Wet and Dry Deposition |
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Authors: | Kentaro Hayashi Michio Komada Akira Miyata |
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Institution: | (1) Carbon and Nutrient Cycles Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan;(2) Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan |
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Abstract: | The atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen on turf grassland in Tsukuba, central Japan, was investigated from July 2003
to December 2004. The target components were ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite ions for wet deposition and gaseous ammonia, nitric
and nitrous acids, and particulate ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite for dry deposition. Organic nitrogen was also evaluated
by subtracting the amount of inorganic nitrogen from total nitrogen. A wet-only sampler and filter holders were used to collect
precipitation and the atmospheric components, respectively. An inferential method was applied to calculate the dry deposition
velocity of gases and particles, which involved the effects of surface wetness and ammonia volatilization through stomata
on the dry deposition velocity. The mean fraction of the monthly wet to total deposition was different among chemical species;
37, 77, and 1% for ammoniacal, nitrate-, and nitrite-nitrogen, respectively. The annual deposition of inorganic nitrogen in
2004 was 47 and 48 mmol m−2 yr−1 for wet and dry deposition, respectively; 51% of atmospheric deposition was contributed by dry deposition. The annual wet
deposition in 2004 was 20, 27, and 0.07 mmol m−2 yr−1, and the annual dry deposition in 2004 was 35, 7.4, and 5.4 mmol m−2 yr−1 for ammoniacal, nitrate-, and nitrite-nitrogen, respectively. Ammoniacal nitrogen was the most important reactive nitrogen
because of its remarkable contribution to both wet and dry deposition. The median ratio of the organic nitrogen concentration
to total nitrogen was 9.8, 17, and 15% for precipitation, gases, and particles, respectively. |
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Keywords: | dry deposition inferential method inorganic nitrogen organic nitrogen reactive nitrogen turf grassland wet deposition |
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