基于生态系统服务参与式制图的“三生”空间优化建议——以白洋淀流域为例

在快速城市化流域,生产、生态和生活空间的布局深刻影响着流域的生态系统服务和居民福祉。但是,已有的空间布局研究大多未考虑生态系统服务在提升不同类型人群福祉中的作用,尤其缺乏对弱势群体福祉的关注。因此,以典型城市化流域——白洋淀流域为例,选择典型生态系统服务指标识别生活、生产和生态空间的高值重合地区,使用参与式制图方法将多种人群的福祉需求纳入主导功能识别中。结果发现：空间上重合的高值区总面积约占流域总面积的14.5%,主要为生产—生态功能重合区。不同利益群体对重合高值区主导功能的研判不同。一方面,城市居民比农村居民更加注重文化服务,前者提及文化服务的次数占比是后者的2倍;另一方面,政府决策者更多关注流域上游的生态功能,扶贫工作人员则更关注山区林地的生产功能。本文探索了将多种利益主体的偏好纳入区域空间布局优化的方法,可为流域“三生空间”和国土空间规划布局优化提供新的思路。

Spatial optimization based on ecosystem services and the participatory mapping: A case study in Baiyangdian watershed

The spatial pattern of living, producing and ecological spaces has a profound impact on regional ecosystem services and the well-being of the residents in rapidly urbanizing watersheds. However, few studies considered the relationship between ecosystem services and multiple stakeholders' well-beings. In this study, we selected seven ecosystem service indicators to identify living, producing and ecological hotspots in a typical urbanizing area, Baiyangdian watershed. Then we conducted a participatory mapping to integrate multiple stakeholders' needs into the identification of their major functions. The results show that overlapped hotspots occupy 14.5% of the total area of the watershed, which is dominated by overlapped producing and ecological functions. Furthermore, the identification of the major functions varies among different stakeholders. On the one hand, urban residents are more likely to identify the overlapped areas to living space because they prefer cultural services than rural residents. They mention cultural services twice of that by rural residents in the survey. On the other hand, policy makers pay more attention to the ecological function of the upper streams, while poverty alleviation workers focus on the producing function of the forests in this area. This study illustrates a method to integrate multi-stakeholders' preferences in spatial optimization, which can be used in the planning of the living-producing-ecological spaces and the territorial space planning.