长三角重点生态功能县域生态资产损益核算

限制开发的重点生态功能县域承担着生态保护与经济发展双重使命,如何实现生态与发展互促共进及生态产品价值化是当前面临的极大难点,生态资产损益核算为量化区域资源有偿使用、生态保护修复、生态文明绩效评价等提供了有效途径。以浙江省嵊州市作为长三角地区重点生态功能区的典型县域,基于栅格尺度评估了近20年生态资产存量与流量时空动态变化,并利用地理探测器结合人类活动类型监测分析了生态资产损益的驱动因素。结果表明：2000—2018年,由于森林生态资产质量降低及面积减少,嵊州市近60%区域的生态资产存量呈减少趋势,而生态资产流量总价值与单位面积价值均增益10%以上。相对于自然因素,社会经济因素对嵊州市生态资产损益平均贡献度更大,为17%。县域城镇化导致粮食供给轻微减损,70%以上乡镇生态资产增益,特别是石璜镇生态保护成效较突出。

Accounting of gains and losses of ecological assets in counties of key ecological function regions in Yangtze River Delta

Key ecological function counties with limited development undertake the dual mission of ecological protection and economic development. Accounting of gains and losses of ecological assets is an effective way to quantify the paid use of regional resources, ecosystem protection and restoration and ecological performance appraisals. Taking Shengzhou city of Zhejiang province as a typical county-level unit of important ecological barrier function area, the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of ecological stock and flow assets in recent 20 years were evaluated based on a grid scale, and the driving factors of gains and losses of ecological assets were evaluated based on Geodetector and the monitoring of human activity types. The results showed that from 2000 to 2018, due to the reduction of quality and areas of forest ecological assets, the ecological stock assets in nearly 60% of Shengzhou city showed a decreasing trend, while the total value and the value per unit area of ecological flow assets gained by more than 10%. Compared with natural factors, socio-economic factors contributed more to the change of ecological assets in Shengzhou city, with a contribution rate of 17%. Urbanization led to a slight reduction in grain supply at the county level, and ecological assets in more than 70% of the township gained, especially Shihuang town, which showed a good result in ecological protection, with gains in the value per unit area of ecological flow assets of more than 20 million yuan/km². Therefore, more attention should be paid to the protection of forest resources, strict design of basic farmland protection redlines, and reasonable land use planning in the process of urbanization in the future.